Go ahead, Gentle Reader – you’re on the air.
Blue Lobster, I’ve got a question for you… I’ve saved up some money. Where do I invest it for long-term future growth?
Great question! And one that I’d love to answer… but first things first. I have to state the following:
I am not a financial advisor nor am I in any way certified or qualified to give tax advice. The following post is based solely on my life’s experiences. I can tell you what I did, but I’ve made mistakes over the years. My choices were based on my particular circumstances which means that my choices might not be right for you. If you want professional advice, then I’m going to strongly recommend that you find a professional person to give it to you. I’m not a professional financial advisor so you rely on my opinion at your own risk.
Now, with that out of the way, let’s get back to your question. I like to call the following my Order of Investing Money.
First Things First
In my opinion, the best place to first put your money is into a Tax Free Savings Account (TFSA). The TFSA was created in 2009. If you’ve never contributed any money to your TFSA, then your cumulative contribution room as of January 1, 2020 is $69,500.
The TFSA does not generate a tax deduction. The money that goes into the TFSA is after-tax money. Whether you’re in the highest tax bracket or the lowest tax bracket, your money goes into the TFSA after you’ve paid taxes on it. If you invest it in equity products and you earn outsized returns, then all of the initial contribution and the growth generated can be withdrawn without any kind of tax penalty.
Allow me to be repetitive so that the following point is not lost on anyone reading this post. All money that goes into a TFSA grows tax-free. When you take it out of the TFSA, the money is not taxed by the government.
Whatever you take out of your TFSA can be contributed back into your TFSA in the following calendar year. This rule is applicable even if your withdrawn amount is higher than the amount that you’ve contributed over the years. In other words, you can withdraw both your initial contributions and the growth that has accrued, then you can contribute those amounts back to your TFSA the following calendar year.
So if you’ve invested the maximum to your TFSA, i.e. $65,000, and it’s grown to $110,000, then you can withdraw the full $110,000 whenever you want. You simply can’t put any of that money back into your TFSA until January 1, 2021.
Should I put my money anywhere else?
The next best place to save your money, in my humble opinion, is in your Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP). However, there are a few major differences between the RRSP and the TFSA that you need to know about.
Unlike the TFSA, money inside your RRSP will grow on a tax-deferred basis for as long as it stays inside the RRSP. The taxes that are owed on the money that accumulates in your RRPS are deferred. You don’t pay those taxes now – instead, you will pay those taxes later. To be precise, you will pay taxes on that money when you withdraw it from your RRSP.
Contributions to your RRSP are tax-deductible. If you put money into your RRSP, then the Canada Revenue Agency will refund you the taxes that you paid on that money when you earned it. This is great!
If you’re in a high tax bracket when you contribute to your RRSP and in a lower tax bracket when you withdraw from your RRSP, then you’ll save money on taxes when you withdraw it.
If you’re in a low tax bracket at contribution and then a higher tax bracket at withdrawal, then you’ll pay more in taxes. This sounds bad but keep in mind that you’ll have had years of tax-deferred growth within your RRSP if you’ve seen good returns on your investments.
Paying taxes on money is far, far better than having nothing set aside for retirement.
And if I’ve maxed out my TFSA and my RRSP?
Gentle Reader, you’ve done me proud! If you’re in the very fortunate position of having maxed out both your TFSA and your RRSP, then I salute you. Reach over and give yourself a pat on the bat. You’ve done well!
Your next step is to open a brokerage account, aka: an investment account, and start investing your money. You’ll be contributing after tax dollars to this account. Your growth will be taxed as you earn it, but you’ll be investing your money instead of squandering it on frivolities that don’t add to your life.
Throughout this entire order of investment priorities, you should be taking care of your present and future financial needs by practicing the 4-step process for financing your dream life: save-invest-learn-repeat.
You’re going to have to take some time to learn about TFSAs, RRSPs, brokerage accounts, and the various investment options available to you.
Do not let analysis-paralysis stop you from starting. Similarly, it mustn’t prevent you from making investment decisions. You won’t make perfect decisions, but console yourself with the truth that no one does. This is why learning is such an integral part of the 4-step process.
Maxing out my accounts is impossible!
Stop fretting! No one said you have to max out all your accounts.
If you can, then great.
If you can’t max out all your accounts in one shot, then contribute as much as your budget will allow and get on with the rest of your life. The only “bad” contribution amount is $0. Anything over and above $0 is progress. Find ways to cut expenses or find ways to increase your income. The option is yours, but so is your obligation to yourself to contribute as much as you can towards the Care & Feeding of Future You.
As you learn more, you’ll earn more. And when you earn more, you’ll contribute more. It’s that simple.
Please do keep in mind that simple isn’t the same as easy. I’ve yet to find that “easy” way to earn money to contribute towards my investments. Every dollar has been hard-earned.
My advice is to start with first things first. Begin by fully funding your TFSA. Once you’ve done that, max out your RRSP. When that task is done, set up an automatic transfer to fund your brokerage account. And if you decide to not follow this Order of Investing Money, then I beseech you to continue learning about money so that you’re confidently investing for your future in a whatever manner that best suits you.
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Weekly Tip: Open an online savings account. Get one that pays higher interest than what the brick-and-mortar banks are offering. Consider EQ Bank. (I’m not being paid for mentioning this bank.) This savings account should be separate from your daily chequeing account. Set up an automatic transfer of money from your paycheque to your online savings account. This transfer should fund – in order of priorities – your emergency fund, annual bills, short-term goals, and luxuries for yourself.