General Thoughts - Millionaire on the Prairie

Charitable Donations

I’ve long held the belief that choosing to donate to worthy causes is a deeply personal thing. Some people donate their time. Others donate their money. Whichever you choose is the right answer for you. At the end of the day, I sincerely believe that donating to charitable causes is a very good use of money.

When I was growing up, door to door solicitations for money were are regular as the rising sun. In the world before call display, charities phoned people at home to ask them for money. Charities have since moved away from these forms of solicitation and have moved to online options. Today, ads are on social media sites and people can donate with their fingertips. It’s a very simple process for making an online donation to the charity of your choice.

Charitable events happen all the time. September 2020 was the 40th anniversary of the Terry Fox School Run. On October 4, 2020, there will be a Run for the Cure nationwide for the purpose of raising money to conquer breast cancer. You might want to give money to support a local animal shelter. Perhaps you want your charitable donations to go towards helping the homeless or towards keeping shelves stocked at the Food Bank. There are many, many worthwhile charitable causes, far too many for me to list in this blog post.

Tax benefits of charitable donations

The government wants to encourage taxpayers to donate money. Toward that end, the Canada Revenue Agency rewards people who make financial donations to registered charities via tax credits. The more money that you donate, the more tax credits you receive. Tax credits are very useful because they are set off against any tax that you owe to CRA.

CRA is willing to give you up to 29% of your charitable donations back as tax credits. On top of this, your province will also give you some tax credits. Talk to your professional tax advisor for the specifics that apply to your particular situation.

*** I am not a tax professional. If you need assistance with your taxes, talk to a qualified tax professional.***

Do some research first

Be smart as you donate. Do your research before you open your wallet. While your heart is in the right place, you want to make sure that your money goes to the right place too. Check out the charity that you want to support and make sure that it’s registered. You don’t want to send your money to a fraudster with an impressive website.

Charitable organizations do not run themselves. They’re required to employ people whose job it is to make sure that your donation dollars get put to their intended use. These employees are paid through administration fees. For every $1 you donate, some portion of it is siphoned away to pay for the daily operation of the charitable organization. The higher the administrative fees, the less money going towards the intended recipient of your charitable donation.

Once you’ve selected your charity, ask yourself if you’re okay with the percentage of your donation that will have to go to the administration fees.

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Weekly Tip: Donate to charity. It builds good karma.

Commit to a Per Diem

Per Diem… it’s a phrase that means “an amount of money paid per day.” In the world of personal finance, it’s a phrase that is not used nearly enough. I want you to commit to a per diem.

That’s right. I want you to pay yourself some amount of money every single day.

I’ve written about per diems before, but this article is about creating a per diem that’s specifically designed to take care of Future You.

The Four Steps of the Per Diem Plan

Pick a daily amount to save.
Set short-term goals for your money.
Invest that money.
Don’t spend the money until you retire.

Step 1 – The Amount

If all you can afford is $1, that’s fine. When you have more, you can give yourself a raise. The important thing is to get into the habit. Start the habit today.

Think about it. How would you like to have more than $3500 by this time next year? All it takes is $10 per day. That’s not a whole lot of money in today’s world. If you have it to spare, then I’d like to see you put it to good use. And what better use is there for your money than ensuring that you’re comfortable, warm & fed in your dotage?

Maybe you’re fortunate enough to be able to put away $20 per day. Great! Do it! I’m not a stickler on the amount that you save each day. However, I am adamant that you save something. Start with whatever you can then increase your per diem as you’re able.

Step 2 – Set Short-Term Goals

Like I said above, this per diem is for Future You. When I talk about short-term goals in this context, I don’t mean saving for a vacation or new sports equipment, although you should never go into debt for those items either. You should definitely save first then pay cash at point of purchase.

No. In this case, your short-term goals are monetary targets. Let’s say you commit to a per diem of $10. Set a target amount of $500 or $1000. Then create an automatic transfer from your main day-to-day bank account to a separate savings account. When you hit $1000 in your savings account, then you invest that amount into an equity-based exchange traded fund or index fund.

You do not want to keep your money in a savings account. Why? I’ll tell you why – the rate of interest paid on savings accounts is less than inflation. You are losing money by keeping your money in savings accounts for long periods of time. Inflation is a fancy way of saying that the value of your money is decreasing over time. When $100 buys 5 bags of groceries in 2019, but only 4.5 bags of groceries in 2020, then you are seeing inflation at work. Inflation means your money purchases less today than it did yesterday.

Savings accounts are great to accumulate money that will be spent in the next few weeks or months. (They’re also a good spot for emergency funds, in my opinion. Others disagree with me.) Commit to a per diem going into your savings account. When it hits the target number, you invest the money then start working towards the target again.

Step 3 – Invest that Money

You’re free to pick whatever monetary target you want. I like $1,000. It’s a nice round number and it will take roughly 3 months, at $10/day, to achieve. If you can save $20/day, then you’ll be investing money every 8 weeks. Also, it feels good to tell yourself that you’ve just invested $1,000.

Again, you don’t want to let your per diem languish in a savings account. That money has to work as hard for you as you do for it. That means you simply must invest your per diem money in the an equity-based product.

I have no idea how young you are at the time you read this post. The bottom line is that the longer your money is invested in the stock market, the better your odds of watching it grow to a nice, big mountain of financial security. That mountain won’t be built until you commit to a per diem.

Step 4 – Mitts off until retirement

The money you save today is for Future You. Even though no one is promised tomorrow, it’s best to plan as though you’re going to be here for a long time. It’s very, very possible to find the balance between enjoying the present while saving for the future.

Wouldn’t it be awful to live to 92 yet you ran out of money at age 74? The social safety net isn’t designed to keep you comfortable. It’s designed to keep you at a level of not quite starving to death. That would be a terrible way to live during your retirement years.

Allow me to be clear. Your per diem money is not to be touched.

You’re still responsible for creating an emergency fund, and for replenishing it if you need to use it. Sadly, the rest of life’s expenses don’t disappear just because you’re saving for your future. You’ll be saving for tomorrow while paying for today. Commit to a per diem, then live the rest of your life on whatever’s left over.

And if you find that you have too much money waiting for you when you’ve finally retired, feel free to leave me a message. I’ll happily take whatever amount of money you don’t want.

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Weekly Tip: Never grocery shop when you’re hungry. You’ll likely make more impulse purchases and that can throw off your budget. Whenever possible, eat before you go to the grocery store. Make it easy for yourself to stick to your list!

Invest Your Money or Pay Down Debt?

The question often arises about whether it’s better to invest your money or to pay down debt.

My position is that you should do both. The reality is that the younger you are, the more time your money has to compound if invested. From the tiniest acorn did the mighty oak grow, and all that. So if you’re younger, you have time on your side. More time means a longer investment horizon, which means larger returns by the time you retire.

On the other hand, debt inhibits the growth of your net worth. The longer it takes you to pay off your debt, the more interest you pay to your creditors. This is not an ideal situation. Instead of paying interest to your creditors, you should be earning a return on your investment. However, you can’t earn any returns if you don’t have the money to invest.

So here’s my proposal – invest while you pay off debt. Why can’t you do both? If the interest rates on your debt are lower than what you can achieve over the long term in the stock market, then pay the minimum on your debts in order to maximize your investment returns.

Mortgages

At the time of this post, 5-year mortgages in Canada can be had for 2.5% and lower. These are lifetime lows, which will likely be around for the next 2 or 3 years. If you’re in a position to lock in one of these ridiculously low rates, then you should seriously consider doing so.

If you have a mortgage and you’re paying the bank 2.5%, then I don’t want you to make extra payments on the mortgage. I want you to invest in the stock market for the long term. Over the long term, the stock market has returned an average of 7% to investors. I want you to learn about investing in index funds. Then I want you to pick one and to start automatically investing your money.

When mortgage rates are at historical lows like they are at the time of this post, there’s no sense in repaying your mortgage faster. So long as you can earn the long-term average stock market return, you’ll be earning 3 times the amount you’re paying on your mortgage. It would be stupid not to do so while you can.

Vehicle Loans

The same rule applies if you have a car loan at a reasonable interest rate. My definition of reasonable is that it is less than 6%. If you’re paying a higher rate, then you can split your investment money in half. One half will still be automatically invested. The other half will be sent to your vehicle loan so that it is paid off faster. When the vehicle loan is gone, then you can put the money back towards your investment. You’re also free to use your regular car loan payment for investing or for something else.

Let’s say you have a monthly car loan of $750 and you’ve got a 60-month loan at 6% (or higher). And you also have $500 per month that you’re investing for long-term growth. Divide the $500 in half, so that you’re now paying $1000/month on the car payment and directing $250/month into your investments. When the loan is paid off, you can go back to investing $500/month. You’ll also have $750 in your budget that no longer has to be sent to someone else. You can keep the $750 in your own pocket.

Oh, and the next time you want to buy a car? Save up for it first! If you can find the way to pay a loan of $750, then you’re just as capable of squirrelling $750 away every month until you can pay for your next vehicle with cold, hard cash.

Student Loans

By now, you should be picking up what I’m laying down.

In the interest of transparency, I will tell you that I graduated with $15,000 of student loans. I made it my mission to repay those loans within 2 years of graduating. With the benefit of hindsight, I have to say that my net worth would be higher today if I’d invested my money in the stock market and stuck to the 9-year loan repayment plan that I’d been on. My shaky memory suggests that my monthly payment had been something like $150. If I’d known then what I know now, I would not have made double and triple monthly payments to pay that loan off so damn fast.

Today, people are graduating with six-figure debts. And the word on the street is that they are not all finding high-paying employment with their very expensive educations.

I still maintain that if you’re in your 20s and 30s with a large student loan, it makes sense to pay the minimum on those loans and invest in the stock market. When you’re in your 20s and 30s, you still have 3-4 decades for the money to compound if you’re not planning on early retirement. Your income will go up as you expand your skillset, refine your expertise, and gain useful experience. Use 25% of your increased income to bump up your student loan repayment. Take another 30% to inflate your lifestyle just a little bit! Make sure the remaining 45% of your increase is invested.

The analysis has to be a lot more nuanced if you’re still paying off a six-figure debt in your 40s and 50s. The question of whether to invest your money or pay down debt isn’t as crystal clear. What I do know for sure is that it’s almost always a bad idea to retire with debt.

If you have student loans in your 40s and 50s, then you need to divide your investment amount between your portfolio and your student loans. Pay those loans off before you retire! Once they’re gone, go back to ploughing as much money into your investment portfolio as you possibly can. Your investment window is going to be smaller due to age. However, that doesn’t lessen the onus you have to yourself to fund your retirement.

Without a solid investment portfolio whose returns outpace inflation, a person on a fixed income is going to have to pay for everything with dollars that are always losing value. Believe me when I say that you don’t want to be paying off debt in retirement.

I’m telling you right now that you need to have a portfolio that can support you when you no longer have employment income. As I’ve said before, pensions are disappearing. It’s on you to set aside enough money for your golden years. Unless you remain healthy, getting older is going to suck enough on its own. You need not make things worse for yourself by being old and burdened by student loans debt.

The Exception!

If you’re carrying credit card debt, forget about investing until that debt has been eradicated. Credit cards carry double-digit interest rates. The chances of your investments giving you a return higher than the interest charged on credit cards are exceedingly slim.

Focus on getting out of credit card debt, then you can start investing your money. Here are the steps to getting out of credit card debt.

Stop using your credit cards to buy things.
Make extra payments to your credit cards until each card is paid off.
As each card is paid off, do not use it again.
When all cards are paid, take your former credit card payments and invest them for the long term in an equity-oriented index fund.
Do not use your credit card without first saving up the cash in your bank account to pay for the eventual monthly bill.

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Weekly Tip: One thing to keep in mind that your portfolio doesn’t stop working just because you do. When you stop working, you won’t simply cash in your portfolio. Rather, you’ll structure your portfolio so that it’s continuously invested in manner that creates a cash flow for you until the day you die. This means that equities will continue to be a steadfast workhouse, ensuring that your portfolio lasts as long as you do.

Learn from Others!

If I can impart one nugget of wisdom to you today, it is this. You need not make every mistake yourself in order to learn a lesson. You’re always free to learn from others. I’m not promising that you’ll avoid making your own mistakes – that’s utterly impossible. What I am promising is that some of the biggest mistakes can be avoided if you’re willing to pay attention and think about the choices made by the people in your life.

These people won’t all be your family & friends – although it’s important to pay attention to the consequences of their choices too. Sometimes, the people who can teach you important lessons are only in your life for a few minutes.

When I was in high school, I had a part-time job as a cashier in a grocery store. Living at home, I had the luxury of having all of my paycheque go towards having fun with my friends since my parents paid for my shelter, my food, and the other important stuff. I was a very fortunate kid!

Anyway, two of my customers made indelible memories on me. One customer was an elderly lady who came through my till. I don’t recall how the topic of money came up but she very specifically told me to start saving for my retirement. I was a 16 or 17 years old at the time, but her words stuck with me. The second customer was also an elderly lady. I remember watching her compare two cans of cat food, and she was teary-eyed. When she came through my till, she confessed to me that she stocked up on cat food when it went on sale because she ate it herself. At the time, each can cost $0.59. She was tearful because the price had gone up from the last time she’d shopped.

Like my parents & teachers before them, these women provided me with a very important opportunity to learn from others. In their respective cases, the lesson was about money and retirement.

Those two anonymous customers forever changed my perspective on saving money for my future. Here were two seniors, who had very different options at the grocery store. I don’t know their back-stories. I can’t give you any details about their lives. Again, I was a teenager in a cashier’s uniform who rang through and bagged their orders before wishing them a nice day.

Yet, each of them taught me a valuable lesson her own way. From that day forward, I knew down to the marrow of my bones that I had to save a lot of money for my retirement.

When I was in my 20s, I worked part-time in a bank while going to school. One Saturday, a customer came in to pay $20,000 (maybe $25,000?) towards his mortgage. Those kinds of transactions were beyond my skillset as a customer service rep so the loans officer had to process it. After the customer left, I asked the loans officer why the customer had done that. The loans officer took the time to explain to me how the customer’s lump sum payment would knock years of payments and thousand of dollars of interest off his mortgage debt. That was the first time anyone had ever explained anything about mortgages to me.

Once again, I tucked that knowledge away for the future. I promised myself that, once I got a mortgage, I would pay it off as fast as possible by using these magical “prepayment options” that the loans officer had taught me.

Now, I still made mistakes. I didn’t learn about RRSPs until I was 21. So even though, I’d been working part-time since the age of 16 and saving $50 every two weeks in my savings account, I delayed starting my retirement savings program by 5 years. My parents ensured that I filed a tax return each year, so my RRSP room was accumulating every year. I could’ve made a contribution sooner but, alas, I did not.

So what happened at age 21? That’s easy. I read the book The Wealthy Barber by David Chilton. That book changed my life! In addition to starting my RRSP, I began to read more books about personal finance. When I graduated from school and started my career, I had a firmer foundation than I otherwise would have had. Though not perfect, I had a plan for my money.

Due to my choice to learn from others, I started contributing to my retirement accounts at age 21. I forced myself to start an automatic savings program at age 16. I’ve continued to live below my means. This choice has allowed me to always have money for investing. I chose to learn from others and I’ve avoided some of the very worst mistakes that I could have made with my finances.

Again, you need not make every mistake yourself. You have the option to learn from others. Use it!

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Weekly Tip: Set up an automatic savings plan. Part of your paycheque needs to be invested every time you are paid.

Scratching my Head!

I’m fascinated by people who oppose the idea of becoming financially independent.

Personally, I think that this opposition is borne of the acronym FIRE. Most of us in the personal finance echo chamber know that this is an acronym for Financial Independence, Retire Early. It’s rather unfortunate that so many have twinned the two concepts together. They are not the same thing. A person can pursue one aspect of FIRE while completely eschewing the other.

A large cohort of people think that both elements must be pursued with equal vigour. I’d like to take a few minutes to tackle this misunderstanding into the ground.

Financial Independence =/= Retiring Early

Becoming financially independent can be a goal that is completely separate and apart from retiring early. Everyone should strive to become financially independent because it maximizes the options that one has for living the life that they truly want. Volunteering to build houses for six months after a hurricane? Travelling for 18 months just because you can? Taking a job that requires you to only work 3 days a week instead of five so that you have more time for doing what you love? When you’re financially independent, you can do all of these things without worrying about how to maintain your employment.

If you love your job, great! No one is saying that you have to quit the job you love simply because you have enough money to live without receiving a paycheque from paid employment. One of the side benefits of being financially independent is that you can continue to go to work if that is what makes your stomach do little flip-flops!

I’m always left scratching my head when people ask me why I would ever want to retire early. Sadly, I’m not one of those people – think professional athletes or celebrity entertainers – who is paid to do what they love. If anyone is looking to pay me cold hard cash to read books while enjoying a nice glass of wine, please speak up.

No one will stop you from working!

Allow me to be exceptionally clear on the following point. Being financially independent is not an obstacle to working. If anything, it gives you the power to work on what really matters most to you. When your stash of cash can pay for your bare necessities, then you’re free to take a paycut – if necessary – in order to do work that you find fulfilling. Rent – food – utilities can all be paid for by your Stash’O’Cash while your newly-reduced paycheque can be stretched to cover everything else. In the meantime, you have the pleasure of knowing that your life’s energy and your precious time are being applied to your true calling.

When you’re not financially independent, there’s a good chance that you are somehow being prevented from pursuing your dreams and living the life you want. It could be that you have debt that eats up a good chunk of your take-home pay. Maybe you’re caring for a parent or grandparent. Perhaps it’s just that you weren’t fortunate enough to have a job that pays more than ‘just enough’ to make it from one paycheque to the next. Whatever the reason, the lack of financial independence means that you cannot spend your time doing what you truly want with your time.

No one should be ashamed to pursue financial independence. It is not synonymous with greed or selfishness. Instead, it is a recognition that each of us has been granted one life. We only have so many tomorrows. Achieving financial independence allows us to spend our days doing what is most important to us. We are not shackled to someone else’s goals in exchange for a paycheque.

Save, invest, learn, repeat. Do this until you’ve become financially independent. At that point, take stock of how you spend your time. If you want to keep working, trust me when I say that no one will stop you. You can continue to collect a paycheque, content in the knowledge that you’re doing so because you truly want to and not because you have to.

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Weekly Tip: Keep your emergency funds separate from your other savings accounts. When the money is all co-mingled, it’s too easy to forget that the emergency money should NEVER be spent unless there is a true emergency that threatens your financial security. At the time of this post, millions of Canadians have lost their jobs due to the COVID19 pandemic. They’re facing a true financial crisis. Another scenario where an emergency fund is imminently reasonable is if your home burns down. An emergency fund comes in very handy if your town catches on fire and you have to relocate quickly. I’m looking at you Fort McMurray.

It Takes Some Time

Near as I can figure, it takes some time to become wealthy. There are those who manage to do it very quickly, and they generally fall into one of these three camps:

Being born into wealth.
Winning the lottery.
Inheriting money from someone else.

And I have to give an honourable mention to those who, every so often, invent something that’s so valuable someone pays lots of money for it. Yet, this isn’t always a “quick” way to make money. Usually, it takes a little while … but the possibility of doing it quickly still remains.

For the rest of us who don’t fall into these categories, building wealth is an activity that doesn’t occur overnight. Even for the adherents of Mr. Money Mustache and other FIRE followers, a commonly touted timeframe for building the kind of wealth that allows for early retirement is anywhere from 5-7 years depending on how much money a person has already accumulated.

If you’re not willing or able to live a very frugal life for 5-7 years, then you’re probably looking at 2-3 decades to acquire sufficient wealth that will allow you to live the way you want without having to earn an income. No matter how you slice it, 20-30 years isn’t a short period of time. Yet it’s definitely a sufficient amount in which to build wealth.

Okay, Blue Lobster… so what?

I’m going to suggest that you figure out what best makes you happy and find a way to do that for money. It seems obvious, but the truth is that most people don’t love what they’re employed to do. They do it for the paycheque. I’m not knocking that path. It’s a valid one if you’re a fan of eating, sleeping indoors, and having some measure of comfort in your life. Working for a living has been a time-tested method for ensuring that you can earn money.

Whether your employment brings you joy or not, I’m going to urge you to have your money do the heavy lifting for you. Every time you get paid, you save a portion of your paycheque and you invest it for the long-term. You’ll re-invest the dividends and the capital gains along the way. In the first 10 years or so, these contributions from your paycheque are going to do the heavy lifting of building your wealth. After that, the dividends & capital gains that your investments generate will exceed the contributions from your paycheque. So long as you don’t interfere with the Money Machine, you’ll be creating a very nice cash flow for your later years.

And just to be blunt – “interfering with the Money Machine” means siphoning off your dividends and capital gains instead of automatically re-investing them. The phrase also covers any interruption in your commitment to send a portion of every single paycheque to your investments. Finally, these words also encompass any strange desire you might have to temporarily halt your investment contributions during times of extreme market volatility. Further, the more you save at the beginning, the faster your wealth pile will grow.

The only catch is that it will take some time before you can stop depending on your paycheque.

Simple? Yes. Easy? No.

Not easy, not at all! It has never been easy to save money consistently over a long period of time. There is always a temptation to spend. Saving money is downright boring compared to vacations, concerts, vehicles, clothes, socializing, hot air balloon rides, jewelry, collectibles, camping, road trips, golfing, theme parks, shoes, massages, new furniture, artwork, streaming services, coffee, etc… Saving money reflects a pessimist’s viewpoint because it means that you don’t trust the universe to provide for you in the future. Saving money is viewed as selfish when someone important needs your income, i.e. someone has to make a rent/mortgage payment, a sibling lost their job, a parent needs a medical device.

Building wealth… it takes some time. In some cases, it takes generations. If you’re the first in your family to graduate and earn a higher than median income, are you going to say no to helping younger siblings on their way through school? Will you turn your back on your parents if they need your help?

It’s easy to encourage people to give up the luxuries, the nice-to-have’s, the fun-stuff in order to build wealth for the future. Lately, however, I’ve started thinking about the harder choices that people face when having to choose between spending now and spending later.

A very simple definition of poverty is that it is the state of lacking of wealth. From my observations, poverty affects entire families, sometimes over generations. Few of us would put saving for retirement or a home ahead of paying for a sibling’s groceries, if push came to shove. For the majority of us, the familial bonds are stronger than the need to save for our futures.

Where families have financial wealth, there is less need for financial interdependency. If each adult child can pay their own way, then they need not look to their parents or siblings for assistance. As a result, all of the adult children and the parents are free to save & invest some of their money for the future. The invested money, aka: wealth, can be left to grow because there are no other immediate demands on it. In addition, the adult children will more than likely inherit some portion of the parents’ money once the parents are gone. The wealth moves from one generation to the next, compounding over time.

The less money a family has, the greater the interdependency among its members. When parents can barely keep the lights on, they will turn to the adult children for assistance. This limits the adult child’s ability to build wealth because the money that goes to helping their parents is money that is not invested for the future. The same principle applies if one adult child makes good money but her siblings don’t. More than likely, she’ll feel obligated to assist her siblings and that means less money is available for investing. This family doesn’t get to benefit from intergenerational wealth because all of its wealth is spent in order to survive from one day to the next.

The money is needed now, which means that its owner doesn’t have the privilege of letting it compound to be used at some point in the distant future.

Realistically speaking, building wealth from a position of poverty creates untenable choices for many. When your family needs financial help to survive, are you obligated to sacrifice your financial health? Does your paycheque belong to you or to your family?

And the answer is…?

I wish I had the answer. I honestly and truly do. One of the saddest observations that I’m seeing as I get older is that wealth is funnelling from the many to the few. More and more people are barely making it from one paycheque to the next, even when they make the so-called right choices about how to spend their money. It’s happening at such a fast pace that I wonder if the trajectory can be changed.

Marketing machines are working non-stop to get people to spend money. Sure, we’re in a pandemic (at the time of this post). However, pandemics do not last forever. The advertising industry will go into overdrive once the pandemic is over in an attempt to get people to open their wallets.

And if the pre-pandemic situation is a good predictor of behaviour, people will spend. It might be slowly at first but then they will gradually “forget” to put money into their emergency funds, to only pay with cash, to decline offers for credit.

I don’t have all the answers. What I have is a theory and it is this.

Once the not-rich are barely making it from one paycheque to the next, they reach for a lifeline to maintain the illusion that they’re living comfortably. For a great many people, appearing poor is just as awful as actually being poor. The anchor-disguised-as-help that is offered to those in this particular situation is called credit. So the paycheque that barely covered the necessities is now most definitely incapable of covering the interest charges on the debt. Remember! Once you’ve used credit, you’ve simultaneously created a debt.

The not-rich person (or family) has taken the first step towards becoming trapped in a cycle of poverty. After all, if one cannot survive before taking on debt, then how is one to use the same insufficient paycheque to pay off that debt?

Then there’s the little pesky, incidental problems such as rents eating 50% or more of a household’s income in some cities. Trust me – the high income household aren’t the ones paying the majority of their income on rent. Another pesky problem is the fact that some mortgage are over 7x the household’s income. Again, households with higher incomes can manage to get mortgages which are less than 3x their income.

So going back to where we started, the steps for building wealth are the same all of us who aren’t born rich, who haven’t inherited money, and who haven’t won the lottery. Earn an income. Save a portion of that income and invest it for long-term growth. Re-invest the dividends and capital gains for many, many years. It will take some time, but these steps will build wealth.

The reality of the situation is that not everyone has the advantage of having financially-secure loved ones. The steps to building wealth are grounded in the assumption that investing for wealth is your highest priority. When there are competing and equally important uses for your money, then the choice to save and invest gets much harder.

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Weekly Tip: Keep your emergency fund separate from your other savings accounts. Segregating your money by its intended use solidifies the line between what can be spent today and what can be spent in a true emergency. Emergency funds nestled in their own dedicated account decreases the likelihood that you’ll somehow spend the money on something that isn’t an emergency.

The Honest Truth

Roughly 20 years ago, I landed my first professional office job. It entailed monthly meetings with my manager, wherein I updated him on my current workload. He was an amiable man and most meetings were sprinkled with little nuggets of life advice.

One of the acorns of advice that has always stayed with me is the following. “Never believe that this place needs you. Always remember that you can be replaced.”

It sounds harsh, doesn’t it? As I look back on those words, I appreciate them because they are the honest truth.

My manager wasn’t being mean or obnoxious. He was being truthful. If I hadn’t been hired to do my job, then my organization would have hired someone else. And if I had chosen to walk out at that very minute, the organization would have tackled the task of finding my replacement.

That particular acorn took root.

For nearly two decades, those words have rolled around in my head. The honest truth they embodied has been one of the underlying reasons of why I save and invest. It is imperative that my money works as hard for me as I do for it. My money must insulate me to the greatest extent possible from the financial consequences should my organization decide that it’s time for me to be replaced, that it can survive without my contributions to its operations.

If you’re somewhat sentient when this post is published, then you can’t help but be aware that a great many people have lost their jobs through no fault of their own because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The news reports are rife with articles of the millions of people who have had no choice but to turn to the government for financial assistance to survive.

However, I suspect that there is a cohort of the Recently-Let-Go who haven’t had to ask for financial assistance. I’m willing to guess that this cohort is compromised of people who’ve worked for a couple of decades and who made the choice to live below their means throughout their working lives so that they could invest their money. I wouldn’t be surprised if this fortunate cohort has made the choice to stay out of debt no matter how often credit was offered to them. And I’ve assumed that this cohort is going to keep a tight, heavy lid on their status so that they can continue to live as they always have – social distancing & hand-washing as required – without drawing the ire of their family, friends, neighbours & former co-workers. Check out the comments on this article.

Continued employment isn’t guaranteed.

As a result of my manager’s words, I’ve always known that my employment was at the whim of someone else. Sure – I’d likely find another position somewhere else, but what if it took me a long time to do so? How would I pay for my life between one employer and the next? Even if I tried to become self-employed (something that has never held any appeal to me), how would I pay for my life before the money started rolling in?

Hearing the honest truth from my manager during a routine monthly meeting incentivized me to do all of the following things:

pay off my student loans as quickly as possible;
build my emergency fund through automatic transfers every payday;
re-pay the loan on my SUV in 6 months by making gargantuan payments every two weeks & by sacrificing a little bit of fun & frivolity;
invest a portion every paycheque in the stock market once the mortgage on my principle residence had been paid off;
move out of mutual funds and into exchange traded funds once I learned how deeply management expense ratios impacted my overall rate of return;
stay out of debt by paying off my credit cards every single month; and
pay cash for everything.

I know those last two bullet points sound contradictory, but they aren’t. If I don’t have cash, then I don’t use my credit cards. Once the cash is in my bank account, then out comes my credit card to make the purchase. This method means that I earn cash back or points towards groceries. The charge is applied to my account then I send a payment from my bank account to my credit card. Best of both worlds – I always pay cash while taking advantage of the perks of having my credit cards. If you can’t pay off your credit cards every month, then don’t do what I do. Only spend cash or use a debit card!

Motivation comes from unlikely sources.

It’s taken me a long time to see the link between words spoken nearly 20 years ago and the financial choices that I’ve made in my life. The honest truth from my manager’s lips motivated me to build as big a financial cushion as I could as fast as humanly possible. It didn’t happen overnight, and there were many mistakes made along the way. To this day, payday still means that a chunk of money is set aside for the future.

Another source of motivation for me comes from our current global pandemic. COVID-19 has me re-assessing whether my emergency fund is big enough. For record, I have made plans to increase it. It’s my firm belief that no one has ever regretted having “too much money” during an emergency.

In a similar vein, the money saved from staying home while most everything is closed has been re-directed into sinking funds. There are still big expenses on the horizon. Property taxes will still have to be paid at some point. My home and vehicle insurance premiums are still due in a few months. Birthdays and other celebrations might still require me to open my wallet, even if I can only visit with people via video and telephone. The annually recurring expenses of living will continue to come around, whether we’re still in a pandemic or not.

Do yourself a favour! Go back to my manager’s works and let them sink in. At the end of the day, your employer can always choose to replace you. Sooner or later, there is going to be a parting of the ways for reasons that may be beyond your control. Be proactive – take the steps today to ensure that you’ll be financially okay when that time comes.

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Weekly Tip: Live below your means so that you have money to invest. This is another way of saying pay yourself first. After you’ve paid yourself, then you can get down to the business of paying everyone else.

Surprise Money!

Raise your hand if you’ve found some surprise money in your bank account this past month!

While a great many people have lost their jobs, those who haven’t might have noticed that there’s definitely extra money in their bank accounts. This is called surprise money because most people are surprised by how much they normally spend. Despite the wisdom in doing so, great numbers of folks simply do not track their spending. Staying home to avoid the coronavirus has resulted in far less money trickling out of people’s wallets. When people finally do look at their bank accounts, some are surprised by how much money is still in there!

For my part, I haven’t had to buy a bus pass since February. When I check my bank account, there’s an extra $200 sitting there. Is it a life-changing amount of cash? Not by a long shot. Will it be shuffled into my emergency fund? That’s a big 10-4!

Another of my dear friends confessed to me that an extra $2500 has remained in the household budget because so many things have been cancelled. That’s not an insignificant amount of money!

If you’re among the fortunate ones whose income has not been negatively affected by COVID-19, what are you doing with your extra cash?

Have you just transferred your spending to online purchases?
Are you paying down debt?
Have you directed some love to your emergency account?
Is the extra money being diverted into your investment portfolio?

The pandemic is causing many problems for many people – no doubt about it! Through no fault of their own, too many people have lost jobs and are facing extreme levels of financial stress as they figure out how to pay for their lives.

Yet, there are still many who have extra money during this pandemic. No salons – no concerts – no sports eventing – no retail therapy at the mall! So many of the quotidian opportunities to spend money have been curtailed. Wallets are staying closed simply because people haven’t found replacements for the places where the money used to go.

When the pandemic is over, will you go back to the way you used to spend?

This is a question I’ve been discussing with my friends. Some of my dear ones believe that people will change their behaviour for a little while, and then gradually return to old spending patters. Others are convinced that the pandemic will make an indelible imprint on this generation – much in the same way that the Great Depression shaped the money habits of today’s oldest citizens.

Personally, my position is that people are going to go back to their old spending patterns. It might take some time but it will happen eventually. Generation X grew up with credit cards. We’re also very comfortable with the monthly payment plan. For my parents’ generation, one saved up for years to afford to buy a car. Today, it’s about affording the car payment. I don’t see that one little pandemic is going to change decades of spending behaviour too, too much.

We might spend on different things once the pandemic is over, but we will keep spending. Once people feel safe enough to venture out of their homes and back into business establishments, they will return to their ingrained spending patterns. Those patterns are comfortable and familiar. Plus, the Ad Man and his trusty sidekick, the Creditor, will be back up and running, full steam ahead.

Right now, I’m urging those of you with extra money to not squander this opportunity. If you’re able to squirrel away an extra $1,000, then do so. And if it’s less, squirrel that away too. The pandemic won’t last forever. Chances are you will be very strongly tempted to return to your regular spending patterns. After all, you spent your money to enjoy your life before. Why wouldn’t you want to spend money to enjoy your life once COVID-19 is no more than a bad memory?

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Weekly Tip: Build your emergency fund in a high interest savings account. Online bank accounts generally pay more than what you can get from a brick-and-mortar bank. Compare rates online, then open an account. Set up an automatic transfer so that a portion of every paycheque goes into your emergency fund until you have 9-12 months of living expenses set aside for emergencies. Unless you’ve got a very big paycheque, it’s going to take you some time to save up this amount of money. I think you’ll agree that should you lose your job, you won’t regret having taken the time to fully fund your emergency fund.

“Gee! I wish I didn’t have all this money set aside to help me get through this emergency!” said No One Ever.

Beware the Minimum Payment!

Right from the get-go, I’m going to ask those of you who already know this to forgive me for stating the obvious. Minimum payments benefit the lender way, way, way more than they benefit the borrower.

Beware the minimum payment!

When you borrow money from the lender, you’re taking out a loan. And when you do so, you’re agreeing to pay interest on the money borrowed. The loan is governed by a contract, so the very best time to amend the terms of the contract – and thereby the terms of the loan – is before you sign the contract!!! In other words, don’t take a loan if you don’t believe that the terms of the loan will be beneficial to you.

The repayment terms of the loan are set out in the contract. If you don’t like them, or the lender won’t change them, then don’t take the loan. This is the most effective way for you to avoid having repayment terms in your life that may cause you financial grief in the future.

And for those wondering how to buy what you want without a loan, the answer is that you will require a combination of cash and patience. Save up your money then make the purchase. You’ll get what you want. You won’t pay any interest. It’s the ideal situation so strive to make it your reality.

However, there are times when you simply need to borrow money to get what it is that you want. If this is the situation in which you find yourself, then I want you to be very aware of the trap of minimum payments.

Making minimum payments benefits the lender because they can charge you interest on the outstanding loan balance for the longest period of time. If you take out a 5-year car payment, then the loan is structured so that the lender earns as much interest as possible off the loan. In other words, you as the borrower will pay back the maximum amount of interest.

The legal way to minimize the amount of interest you re-pay on the loan is to make extra payments. Get a second job – sell some stuff online – cut some subscriptions from your life. However you choose to find extra money is up to you. The bottom line is that you take that extra money and apply it to your outstanding loan. Go back to the car loan for a hot minute. If you can make extra payments on the loan and pay it off in 2 years instead of 5, then you will keep three years of interest payments in your pocket rather than sling that money into your lender’s pocket.

As of the date of publishing this blog post, the banks in Canada are allowing mortgage holders to apply for a six-month deferral of their mortgage payments. If approved, people who have mortgages won’t have to make mortgage payments for six months. It’s called a mortgage deferral.

This deferral means that the people who took out a mortgage will have to repay the money, eventually. (I’m not an expert on how the program works. If you need the details, please contact your bank.)

Make no mistake. The banks want their money back. The banks lent the money to borrowers at an agreed-upon rate of interest for an agreed-upon period of time. That the banks are allowing borrowers to defer repayments on their mortgages is quite unprecedented in my experience. What I wonder is whether the borrowers understand that a deferral of their mortgage payment is not the same as a waiver. The deferred payments are still outstanding. And borrowers will continue to owe interest on those payments until the money is repaid to the lender.

Again, the banks want their money back. So if a borrower receives a deferral from their bank, the borrower still has to repay that money. And guess what? Interest will continue to accrue on that deferred payment.

What? Are you surprised? Did you think that the banks would stop the interest clock from running? If so, gently hit yourself on the head with a hammer. Of course, the banks are going to continue to charge interest on their loans.

This is not a debate about the morality of the banks during the COVID19 pandemic. What I want to impart in this post is that the second best option is to get out of debt as fast as possible. Minimum payments are not your friends. In the case of a mortgage, the numbers are a lot bigger so a deferral is going to mean a much higher amount of interest will be charged during the deferral period.

If you’re considering applying for a mortgage deferral, keep the following in mind. A deferral means that the money is not being paid back as agreed upon in the loan. It does not mean that the money remains outstanding without interest being charged by the lender.

Allow me to state this concept another way. The interest only stops accruing when the loan is repaid. Paying later means paying more interest. The only way to avoid the interest charge is to repay the loan.

Beware the minimum payment! It never benefits the borrower.

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Weekly Tip: Once you’ve finished making debt payments to a lender, continue making those same payments to yourself. Re-direct your former debt payments to a high interest savings account. You were living without the money when you had a debt, so continue to live without that money when the debt is gone.

Experience is a Great Teacher

How are you doing today? I hope that you’re ignoring the gyrations of the stock market and going about your business of self-isolating, washing your hands, and self-distancing. They might not be the most exciting activities, but they will flatten the curve and help to avoid overburdening our hospitals.

As I approach my golden years, I’ve come to accept the maxim that experience is a great teacher. Additionally, I’ve also realized that I can learn from other people’s experience as well as my own. I need not make every single mistake myself. Watching others’ mistakes can be just as instructional.

Today, I’d like to share one of my investing mistakes so that you don’t have to make it yourself.

Back in 2008, the stock market tanked. I remember hearing about the demise of Bear Stearns, and I was shocked. I don’t recall why it was so upsetting since I wasn’t a hedge fund manager at the time, nor was I an economist or any other kind of expert. All I know was that Bear Stearns was a major investing bank and that it’s demise meant that something very bad was happening in the stock market.

So what did I do? I made the second worst mistake available to me. I stopped investing while the stock market plunged.

I’ve made no secret of the fact that I’m a buy-and-hold investor. My investment plan is simple. First, save money from each paycheque. Second, transfer those savings to my investment account. Third, buy units in my chosen exchange-traded funds. Fourth, rely on the dividend re-investment plan to invest the dividends. Fifth, go back to the first step.

I’ve designed the plan to take advantage of dollar-cost averaging. Each month, I invest in my ETFs regardless of the unit price. I completely avoid trying to time the market. “Is this a good time to buy?” is a question that I never ask myself. When I have the money, I buy into my ETF – easy peasy lemon squeasy. This method of investing is know as dollar-cost averaging. I first learned about it in The Wealthy Barber, a great book authored by David Chilton.

Back in 2008, I was not as smart as I am now. Twelve years ago, I freaked out and I STOPPED INVESTING!!!

This was a huge mistake! I should have continued to dollar-cost average into the market during the six months between the demise of Bear Sterns and the recovery which started in March of 2009. I would have been buying during the downturn.

Buying during the downturn is a fancy way of saying that I would have been buying when the stock market was on sale.

It’s good to buy things when they’re on sale. If you want a new pair of shoes, aren’t you happier making the purchase when they’re priced at 35% off? I have a feeling that if you had a choice of buying the identical pair of shoes for $100 or for $65, you’d opt to buy them for $65.

The stock market is no different. On February 22, 2020, the value of the stock market plunged. In other words, it went on sale. The Talking Heads of the media could barely keep from peeing their pants with glee! They had so much to talk about, so much fear to stoke in their viewers and readers. Buy this! Don’t buy that! It’ll be a V-shaped recovery! No recovery for 2 years! Avoid cucumbers!

Okay … maybe they didn’t say anything about cucumbers. But the rest of the statements aren’t too far from the truth.

Once again, experience is a great teacher. I’d already made the mistake of listening to the Talking Heads in 2008-2009. As a result, I did not take advantage of the cheaper prices on the stock market that were available at the time. As the recovery wore on, the stock prices didn’t fall but I did start contributing to my portfolio again. However, I could not overcome the error of not buying stocks when they were super-cheap. My failure to make the right choice 12 years ago means I’ll be working a little bit longer than I’d projected.

I see no sense in making the same mistake this time. So while I’m self-isolating, while I’m washing my hands, while I’m social distancing, I am also continuing to invest in my chosen ETFs. Yes, you read that right. I’m still investing even through this period of excess volatility.

Did the value of my portfolio plunge in February of 2020? You bet your sweet ass it did! And did the value continue to drop throughout March as the stock market roiled due to the COVID19? Again, that’s a big 10-4!

It’s been just 5 weeks since the plunge. My portfolio is recovering, just like the stock market is.

The Talking Heads won’t ever encourage others to follow my simple plan. Despite its effectiveness, my way of doing things is boring and boring isn’t good for ratings.

You see, the stock market is supposed to go up and down. It always has. It always will. Never in its history has the stock market only ever gone up, just like it has never only ever gone down. If you’re going to invest, then do so consistently and automatically. Do your research. Find a broad-based equity exchange-traded fund (or mutual fund if you insist on paying higher management expense ratios). Invest on a regular basis. Ignore the Talking Heads. They can’t tell the future any better than you can.

And in case you were wondering, the biggest mistake you can make right now is to sell your stock market portfolio. For the love all that you deem holy, do not sell! Right now, the prices are low and that’s why you should be buying them.

Like I’ve said, experience is a great teacher. You can learn from mine instead of making the mistakes yourself. Don’t stop investing right now. Stick to your investing schedule and build your portfolio while the stock market is on sale. The second biggest mistake you can make is to halt your investment contributions.

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Weekly Tip: Pay cash for your next car by making a monthly car payment to yourself for as long as possible before you head to the dealership. The payments to yourself will be the down payment, if you’re forced to finance your vehicle. Ideally, you’ll stay out of debt completely because your accumulated savings will be sufficient just pay for your next vehicle with cash.