Month: May 2021

Keep Your Money!

I want you to keep your money. Yes – that’s right. You should put yourself in a position to keep your money.

Obviously, you can’t keep all of it. When you get paid, you have to give away some of your money. It has to go towards shelter, food, utilities, a basic wardrobe, and transportation. These are the necessities. Everything else is a nice-to-have. Beyond necessities, purchases are Wants. If they’re expensive enough, they might even be called luxuries.

Before you spend your money on the Wants & Luxuries, put some money aside to fuel your money-making machine. Ideally, you would pay yourself first, then pay for the necessities, and then pay for the Wants & Luxuries last. Many people don’t do this, and their reluctance to do so befuddles me. Truly, I’m befuddled by this behaviour. When you work so hard at a job that possibly might not fill your heart with joy and gladness, you should save a little bit of that money for yourself so that you can fund your dreams.

The first step to keeping your money is to plan your spending. If you don’t know how much you spend on shelter, food, utilities, transportation, and a basic wardrobe, then keep track of how much you spend. You can do this old school, with pen and paper, or you can use one of the fancy apps available for your phone. Either way, you need to know how much you spend living your current life.

Though I wish this did not need to be said, I’m going to say it anyway. If your monthly spending exceeds your monthly income, then you’re in a bad situation. You are living in debt, and this is a bad situation. It can lead to bankruptcy, homelessness, and other very unpleasant outcomes. If your monthly spending is less than your monthly income, fantastic! This situation is called living below your means. You have money to re-direct towards your money-making machine.

Once you’ve tracked your expenses, then you can plan how your next paycheque is to be allotted. I want you to think about the spending you did on your Wants & Luxuries. How happy were you with those purchases? Did the happiness last a long time or was it fleeting? If you hadn’t made the purchase, how would it have impacted your life? Any chance that you’d consider culling your future Wants & Luxuries purchases to only the ones that bring you joy and fond memories when you think about them?

I would never suggest that you limit your spending to necessities and savings. That’s no way to live. Everyone needs a little bit of frivolity once in awhile. What I am going to suggest is that you carefully evaluate why you made the expenditures that you did. Necessities? Obviously, you spend in this category so that you don’t starve to death a naked homeless person. I want you to focus on the Wants & Luxuries categories. If the purchase didn’t bring you joy, then why did you make it? Was it an impulse purchase? Did that impulse arise from a feeling of guilt? A need to self-soothe? A desire to be liked and included? Once you know why you spend, then you’ll know what triggers to avoid in order to keep your money in your pocket so that you can fund your most important dreams and priorities.

Keep the W&L expenditures that bring you true and lasting joy. Discard all the others. Use those savings to fund your money-making machine. My machine is an army of little money soldiers. Every month, I’m paid dividends from my investment portfolio. I’ve set up a Dividend Re-Investment Plan so that my dividends are automatically reinvested in my divided-paying exchange traded fund. This means that I’ll receive even more dividends the following month. It’s a sweet system!

Your money-making machine need not be the same as mine. You might want to get into rental properties. (And if the talking heads are to be believed, interest rates in Canada are going to go up. This may lead to a slew of foreclosures as people cannot service their mortgages at a higher renewal rate. Should that happen, property values will fall. If you have the money, and the desire to own a home, you may be able to buy a duplex or a triplex or multi-family property and start house-hacking.) There are some fantastic websites out there that can teach you how to do this. It’s not my preference but you should explore all of your options and decide for yourself.

Another money-maker is starting your own business. The entrepreneurs that I know are doing quite well for themselves. They work extremely hard, and are reaping the rewards of their efforts.

Don’t worry if you don’t know what your money-making machine is going to be. You can figure that out while you’re diligently finding ways to keep your money. Trust me! You don’t want to discover some fantastic opportunity and not have the money in place to take advantage of it.

You get one life! Keeping a part of your income from every paycheque is the most reliable way to have the money in place to fund your most important dreams and goals. It makes no sense to spend your life working hard for your money only to then disburse your life’s energy on things that don’t bring you lasting joy. It would be an absolute shame if you wind up regretting the choices that you made because they didn’t get you closer to fulfilling your dreams. Keep your money and build the life that you truly want!

Owning vs. Renting…decisions, decisions!

In the interests of complete transparency, I’m going to say that I am a homeowner. I’ve owned my current home since 2004, and I bought my first home in 2001. I only ever rented for a few years – maybe 2? – before I got my very first mortgage and jumped on the property ladder.

Things have changed drastically in the past 20 years… Damn! I hate typing that out, but facts are facts. Twenty years ago, I was able to buy my first place for $74,000. Fortunately, I bought just before prices in my province went crazy.

I’ve listened to both sides of the own vs. rent debate, and both sides make good points. Personally, I still prefer to own. Why?

When I’m old, I want to have the option of selling my home to pay my bills. Renters do not have that option.

I’ve spent years reading Garth Turner’s advice at the Greater Fool. He strongly advocates that people who own sell today, if not yesterday, so that they can take advantage of the incredibly high housing prices that we are currently seeing in various parts of Canada. He exhorts them to invest their tax-free capital gains, to create a cash flow that will pay for their living expenses, and to become happy, carefree renters. Mr. Turner has written numerous blog posts about the costs of home ownership, and how people routinely discount the costs of maintenance, repairs, taxes, land transfer fees, and all other expenses that come with owning a home. Paying the mortgage is least of a homeowner’s concern. There are so many other ways that a house becomes a financial albatross!

Mr. Turner advocates for becoming a renter, allowing the landlord to subsidize your housing expenses, and investing the difference between rental payments and mortgage payments. I will admit that this perspective is compelling. Having owned my home for years, I am known to refer to it as a money pit. There’s always something that needs to be paid. Renting and living off my investment portfolio does have a seductive ring to it.

…Until I start thinking about whether my portfolio is big enough to handle 20 to 30 years of rent increases. I don’t want to be 75 years old and facing yet another rental increase that means I’ll have to move to a smaller, less desirable location. I know the stock market has returned 10%-12% on average over very long periods of time. That’s all fine and good. Yet, we know that this is an average. Some years, the stock market drops.

If I have a $200 per month rental increase in a year where my portfolio has taken a hit, then don’t I have to liquidate some of my principal to pay my rent? And doesn’t that mean that I’m cannibalizing my portfolio’s capital right when I shouldn’t be touching it? Once the money has been withdrawn to pay rent, it’s no longer able to recover and grow. Selling during a downturn means I’d be decreasing the size of my portfolio at the worst possible time in order to keep a roof over my head.

That is precisely what I should not be doing in my dotage. Remember, the ideal scenario is that my portfolio will always churn off enough capital gains and dividends to cover my living costs.

But what if it doesn’t? What if my portfolio isn’t big enough to churn off sufficient funds to pay for my living expenses once I’ve stopped working? Then what happens? Who comes to my rescue as my portfolio dwindles over the years?

With a house, I believe that I have a few more options. Once it’s paid for, there’s no longer any risk that the bank will foreclose on it. Whew! It’ll still cost me in upkeep and repairs. Those are just a fact of life. However, my house lets me participate in house-hacking if necessary. I can take in a roommate. I can rent my house to someone who needs the space while I live somewhere else. If I needed to, I could sell it and use the money to pay for my long-term care. Or I can die in my own home, secure in the knowledge that no one ever forced me to leave a place where I wanted to live.

I’ve yet to see the pro-renting advocates address the fact that not everyone is able to build a portfolio that is large enough to cover ever increasing rents, and the other costs of living. Mr. Turner’s suggested course of action works wonderfully for people who bought in Vancouver 25 years ago and are now sitting on millions in equity. I’m not as easily persuaded that it works for people who don’t already have a boatload of equity to invest in the stock market. It’s true that a house cannot be sold one doorknob at a time to pay for one’s bills. However, it can be sold all at once and hopefully the money lasts as long as needed.

Life has taught me that there is no one right answer for every situation. If you can build a portfolio large enough to sustain you, then I see no problem with renting. It’s the situation where a large portfolio isn’t in the renter’s future that troubles me. In those circumstances, it’s very difficult for me to believe that renting is better. If the portfolio isn’t sufficiently large to cover life’s expenses, and there’s no home to sell, then what is the renter to do to find additional money?

I will think on it some more. Stay tuned.

Start Today

When I started investing, I had no idea what I was doing. It’s true.

I was in my early 20s, and my local newspaper had a column about personal finance. I’m older than the internet, so I grew up reading newspapers. I’ll never forget a column about David Chilton’s book The Wealthy Barber. That book changed my life. I bought it, read it from cover to cover, and decided that I knew enough to start investing. So I promptly took myself to the bank and I opened my RRSP when I was 21 years old.

I had the right idea, but I certainly had more confidence than knowledge at that point. After opening my RRSP, I went on with the rest of my life. Every year, I dutifully contributed to my RRSP… which my parents’ accountant told me wasn’t particularly smart since I was a student and my tax rate was super-low. However, he did tell me that I could eventually take advantage of the the RRSP Home Buyer’s Plan so I kept investing. I didn’t know what I didn’t know, so I didn’t ask the right questions in my 20s.

I got a little bit smarter in my late 20s. By then, I knew enough to stop buying GICs. Rates were no longer super high as central banks got a hold of inflation. And there’d been some chatter in the system about something called mutual funds. Great! That was where I’d put my money. So I did. I opened an investing account at one of the Big Banks and dutifully contributed money into it from every paycheque. I even met with the same banking officer each time, thinking that I was “building a relationship” with a financial advisor. After our third meeting, she told me that I didn’t have to personally make deposits with her each time.

Message received! Obviously, I was wasting that bank’s time so I opened an account at Phillips, Hager & North, now known as PHN. They helped me arrange for an automatic transfer of funds that coincided with my paycheque. I picked a few funds and barely thought about my investments unless I received a statement in the mail. I loved PHN! And would have little hesitation in going back to them if I had to leave my current brokerage.

The only reason I moved is because, sometime in my early 30s, I learned about exchanged traded funds and how they have way cheaper management expense ratios. The MERs at Vanguard Canada were much lower than the MERs I was paying on my mutual funds at PHN… so I moved my money again. Similar investment products for a lower price made more sense to me. Why pay more if I didn’t have to?

By the time I’d hit my mid-30s, my house’s mortgage was paid off and I’d heard of something called the FIRE movement. There were tales of people who pursued something called Finance Independence, Retire Early. It was an idea that spoke to my heart. Several years of working had disabused me of the belief that everyone grows up and is lucky enough to work at careers they love. Early retirement sounded like a brilliant idea!

Some how, some way, I stumbled across Mr. Money Mustache and I fell into a deep, multi-year dive into the world of personal finance blogs. It was intoxicating! So many people who had transformed their dreams into reality. Some of them were a decade or more younger than me, but so what? They had the knowledge that I wanted to have so I absorbed as much of their message as I could.

And I learned so very much! My perspective changed from wanting early retirement to wanting financial independence. In my mind, being financially independent is necessary. Being FI is a way to control your time, your autonomy over your life. It gives you the power to say “No!” to whatever it is that you don’t want in your life – atleast the things that can be controlled with money. Early retirement is still something I want, but it’s an option that becomes available to me (and to anyone else) as a result of financial independence. So many of the bloggers I followed used their FI-status to start working at things that they loved. They still made money, but they did so via endeavours that meant something to them. Unlike working for a boss, they were no longer fulfilling someone else’s dream but were busily and happily fulfilling their own.

Eventually, my self-tutelage led me to the sad realization that my dutiful bi-weekly investment contributions were going into the wrong type of investment. I love dividends! Passive income makes me dreamy. So a steady 4-figure monthly cashflow seemed like a marvelous thing…until I realized that I hadn’t taken proper advantage of the bull-run that existed between 2009 and March 2020. I would have seen much higher returns if my money had been going into equity ETFs instead of dividend ETFs! Had I been investing “properly”, I could have retired by now.

(Big sigh goes here.) There’s no sense crying over spilled milk. Once I realized the error of my ways, I corrected my path. All new contributions are going into equity investments. The longevity charts tell me that I have another 40-50 years***, so I still have a fairly long investment horizon. My course correction cannot change the past, but it can certainly prevent me from continuing what I perceive to be a big mistake.

Why am I telling you all of this?

Simply because I want you to start where you are and build from there. Would it have been better to have started 20 years ago? Sure, but you didn’t so stop dwelling on it. You have today so start today. The information is out there. And, no, you won’t understand all of it at first. So what? No one understands all of anything at first. Have you ever watched a baby learning to walk. Poor little buggers can’t figure out that they can’t move both legs at the same time. The slightest twitch of their heads means they topple over. And the first few steps are always quite wobbly. You know what happens? They always figure it out.

It’s the same with money. Start with setting aside some of your money in a savings account. Then move it to an investment account. Pick a product that has a low MER and invest in it for the long term. Don’t be afraid of the stock market’s daily volatility. You’re investing for years, and the market has always gone up over the long term. Keep learning about investing. Tweak your investing strategy if you have to, but try to keep those tweaks to a minimum. Save – invest – learn – repeat. Start today.

*** Never forget that you need your money to work hard for you, even after you retire. Don’t believe that you can stop investing in equities just because your old age security payments have started hitting your checking account.

Invest to Beat Inflation

The chatter in the system is that inflation is coming.

Hardly surprising. I would venture to say that inflation is already here. Groceries are more expensive than they were a year ago. Gas prices have risen in my corner of the world. Friends who need lumber are sharing horror stories about the price. There’s not a doubt in my mind that inflation has arrived…and it’s going to get worse before it gets better.

I’m going to suggest that you invest to beat inflation.

First of all, you need to know that I’m not an economist. I am not in any way certified to give you an opinion on how to invest. I know what has worked for me in my circumstances. There are no guarantees that my strategy will work for you in yours.

Secondly, I’ve been around long enough to know that paycheques don’t rise in line with the increased cost of living. It sure would be nice if they did, but they don’t. Your take-home pay will stay the same even though the prices of what you want to buy will continue to go up. In other words, your paycheque has to stretch farther just so you can continue to live way you want. This is inflation at work.

There are several ways to fix this. You could get a raise, or find a higher paying job. Great. If your employer chooses to pay you more money, then pat yourself on the back. Keep in mind that there’s no reason for your boss to give you a raise if she doesn’t want to. I mean, you could be replaced, right? And maybe the next person would do your job for less money… Trust me – this thought may have crossed your boss’ mind a time or two.

If a raise isn’t an option that your employer is willing to pursue, then you can always search for a higher paying job. Should you be lucky enough to find one, hooray! The higher take-home pay can now go towards paying higher purchase prices for all those things that are more expensive today than they were yesterday.

A third, less palatable option to combat inflation, is to cut out all the things that are now too expensive for your still-the-same-size-paycheque. That might mean giving up your gym membership, extracurricular/educational courses, cable, streaming services, books. You might have to move in with roommates, or stop eating out, or give up buying new clothes. There are many ways to cut back, but you can only cut back so much. There comes a point where there’s no more fat to trim.

I don’t want you to get to that point.

What I want is for you to invest to beat inflation.

How does that work, Blue Lobster?

Investing in equities over the long-term results in returns that are higher than the rate of inflation. Equities is a fancy way of referring to the stock market.

You cannot invest in GICs at the bank that only pay you 1.6% and expect to beat inflation. For one thing, inflation may be higher than 1.6%. Secondly, interest is fully taxable at your marginal tax rate. If your marginal tax rate is 27%, then you’re not earning 1.6% on that GIC. You’re only earning 1.168% (= 1.6% x [1-0.27]). Thirdly, GICs lock up your money for atleast a year. The main benefit of GICs is safety. Unfortunately, the cost of safety is too high because your money will be ravaged by inflation. You will effectively be falling further behind financially since you’re only keeping 1.168% of your GIC’s return while inflation is increasing prices by 1.7%.

Investment returns > inflation rate. Good.

Inflation rate > investment returns. Bad.

To avoid the second scenario, invest in the stock market through diversified equity-based exchange traded funds and/or index funds. Consistently save and invest your money into stocks via these investment vehicles then leave it alone to grow. Do not check it every day. The stock market is volatile. In other words, the value of your account will go up and down but the trend over the long term will be upward. If volatility bothers you, then the answer is to not check your investments every day. Avoiding the stock market is most definitely not the solution to your aversion to the unpredictable nature of the stock market.

Stuff money into your TFSA and RRSP and buy equity-based ETFs and index funds. It might take you a few weeks to max out your contribution room. It might take you a few years. That doesn’t matter too much. The important thing is to start today. Get your money working for you immediately. Once you’ve maxed out your registered investment accounts, then keep investing your money in your brokerage account, aka: your non-registered investment account.

How do my investments beat inflation, Blue Lobster?

Over the long term, your investments will earn a return that is higher than inflation. Your registered investments will have the added benefit of doing so without being ravaged by taxes.

For example, assume that inflation is at 1.5% and your investments return 10% over the long term. Also assume that your tax rate is 27%. Your registered investments will be beating inflation by a rate of 8.5% (= 10%-1.5%). Remember! The money that is earned inside your TFSA and your RRSP grows tax-free so you need not concern yourself with your tax rate.

Money earned outside of the shelter of your TFSA and your RRSP is subject to tax. For this reason, you’ll still be beating inflation in your investment account but not by the same amount. The money earned in your non-registered investment account will be beating inflation by 6.205% (= [10%-1.5%] x [1-0.27]).

Disciplining yourself to stomach the volatility of the stock market will be very profitable for you. When the time comes to start living off your investments, they will have grown nicely. Your investments will be more than ample to cover the inflation adjusted costs of living. Ask your grandparents if, when they were in their 20s and 30s, they’d ever imagined a brand new car costing $35,000. Ask your parents if they’d ever thought people would pay $5 for a cup of coffee. Now imagine yourself 35 years from now at the grocery store and realizing that the price of a single loaf of store-brand bread is $9.

By investing in equities today, you will be taking a big step towards outpacing inflation. Start today by taking the following steps:

  1. Open a TFSA, an RRSP, or a brokerage account.
  2. Every time you’re paid, have a pre-determined chunk of your paycheque sent to your investment account. Do this by setting up an automatic transfer from your chequing account to your investment account, ie. TFSA, RRSP or brokerage account.
  3. Leave the investment account alone to do its job.
  4. If available, participate in the dividend re-investment plan. You won’t be spending the dividends. Instead, they will continue to be re-invested for the long haul.
  5. Rest a little bit easier knowing that the long-term average return on your investments is higher than inflation.

You can take steps today to mitigate inflation’s impact on your life tomorrow. Just do it!

Err on the Side of Caution

There are few among us who really and truly find deep life satisfaction from our paid employment. If you are one of these Fortunate Few, then you are truly blessed. For the rest of the good people reading this little blurb, I would urge you to err on the side of caution.

Whatever do you mean, Blue Lobster?

Gentle Reader, do your Future Self a good turn. Even if you love your job today, always invest part of your paycheque for long-term growth. Start small if you must – $1/day – but just start. There’s no guarantee that you will still love working tomorrow. You may wake up one morning and want to do something else with your life. Yet, if your only source of cashflow is your job, then you’re a little bit stuck. Doing what you love may not pay the bills, and that can impede your ability to shelter, feed, and clothe yourself. No one wants to be impoverished.

Recently, I hit something of a milestone – 20 years with the same employer. Not many people can say that these days, so part of me is kind of impressed with this achievement. However, another part of me is counting down the days until retirement. While I’ve been at my job for a long time, I’m not as enthralled with it as I was when I first got here decades ago. Time has flown by in the blink of an eye! Had I known then what I know now, I would’ve made some different choices.

From my vantage point, the message of investing for the future is not sufficiently impressed upon the new or younger employees. Bright-eyed and bushy-tailed, clutching their newly-minted credentials, eager and excited – these newbies rush headlong into the new careers and probably enjoy the challenges and responsibilities that come with their first grown-up job. And that grown-up job probably comes with a grown-up paycheque, or atleast one that’s bigger than the part-time jobs they may have held up to this point.

Throw in a little pent-up demand and it’s the perfect recipe for the start of paycheque-to-paycheque living. It’s also a great way for employees to become beholden to their jobs. Monthly payments come in a wide variety of flavours: mortgage/rent, vehicle payments, student loans, streaming services, memberships, subscriptions, etc… What do they all have in common? They all take little bites of your paycheque. Each one allows you to make life a little more comfortable today. They very definitely prevent you from seeding your investments to ensure your future financial comforts. And they keep you tied to a job.

I’m lifting my voice and urging the young or new Eager Employees to just take a breath. Contrary to the “advice” of the Marketing Machine, there’s no requirement to commit every penny to spending. In other words, you need not spend it all now. I’m here to spread the message that it is perfectly okay for you to slice off some of that brand-new paycheque and invest it for the future.

Why consider doing this?

Take a look around. Are there any… ahem… senior employees lurking about? Do they seem filled to the brim with passion and energy about their current positions? Perhaps they are less enthused about devoting 2 or 3 decades of their lives to the workplace. Is there even the slightest possible chance that very deep down in their hearts they would leave their jobs if they had the money to do so?

If the answer might be yes, then ask yourself if you want to in their shoes when you hit your 20th year of working for someone else. Wouldn’t you rather have the option of working because you want to and not because you have to?

Err on the side of caution. Create a stream of cash flow from your investments. How? By buying investments that pay dividends and capital gains. Instead of spending those investment returns, re-invest them consistently. The more you invest today, the faster your investment returns will compound. If you want an excellent example of someone who has put together a solid investment plan by investing in dividend paying stocks, check out Bob Lai’s story at Tawcan. He regularly updates his investment portfolio returns and tracks his dividend growth. If I understand him correctly, he will be relying on a steady stream of dividends to fund his retirement. Another great blog to follow is that of Mark Seed at My Own Advisor. I’ve learned a lot from both sites, even though I may not have adopted and followed every single one of their recommendations.

Allow me to very clear – your investment portfolio should be working harder than you do. Invested money works 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. It doesn’t get sick, take vacations, or need time off to attend to personal matters. The sooner you put your money to work, the better. Investments can work magic for you but they do need time to grow.

And when the time comes when you no longer want to work for a paycheque, your investments should be able to fund your lifestyle.

Think about Future You and err on the side of caution. If you love your job in 20 years, then you’ll be happy at work with a generous cash cushion on the side. Nothing wrong with that! However … if there’s a chance that you won’t be so enamored with working every day, then you should be taking steps now to create the option of leaving if working become unbearable. I strongly urge you to do the following:

Your investments will give you options when you’re ready to part ways with your employer. You won’t have to worry about the axe falling, since you’ll have a nice, big cash cushion upon which to land. Your investments can be arranged so that they replace your paycheque. How nice is that?

And if you find yourself among the Fortunate Few who still love their employment after 20+ years, then so much the better. You’re doubly blessed – a job you love AND an investment portfolio that churns out dividends & capital gains. It’s the best of both worlds.