Your Income and Your Salary – Not the Same Thing!

There’s a distinction between your income and your salary. They are not the same thing, although you’ll routinely hear the words used interchangeably. I’m going to spend a few minutes telling you why I think they are different animals.

Your salary is based on what your employer pays you. I’m only aware of 2 ways to increase your salary. First, you can increase your salary at work by getting promotions. Generally, a promotion will come with an increase in your salary. Second, you can go work for another employer who will pay you a higher salary than your old employer. From what I’ve seen and read, the second method is more effective in getting you a higher salary. Your new employer might offer you 10% – 15% – 20% more than your current employer, depending on how badly they want you. Your current employer already “has” you and is more likely taking you for granted, therefore your raises are unlikely to be in the double-digits percentage range. After all, why would they pay you any more than the bare minimum when they know that you’re going to stick around anyway?

But I digress. That’s a topic for another post.

Your income is all the money you earn, including your salary. However, you have a lot more agency over your income than you probably give yourself credit for. That’s why you should think of them as two distinct things. Your income could be a lot larger than your salary, if you want it to be.

There are many ways to earn income, including but not limited to the following:

  • get a part-time job
  • start a profitable side hustle
  • own cash-flowing real estate
  • start a blog about something you love
  • write a book/song/script and earn royalty income
  • invest in securities that will pay you dividends and capital gains

I’ll concede that getting a part-time job means working for someone else and earning a salary. If you’re not working that PT-position, then you’re not earning any money. But go back to the first sentence of my previous paragraph. Your salary is only one part of your income. It need not be all of it. Whether your income remains equal to your salary is within your control.

A side hustle is self-employment while holding down your 9-5 position. If your side hustle is lucrative enough, you can turn it into your fulltime job or live off the income it generates. Alternatively, you can continue to work your 9-5 job if you wish and let your side hustle income accumulate to your heart’s content. Earning additional income doesn’t force you to leave your 9-5 job. All it does is provide you with extra money to buffer the expenses of life.

Content creators have the opportunity to create passive income. They have to put in the hard work up front, but the resulting product might pay them for years afterwards. Think of authors, song-writers, and script-writers. They wrote something that was a huge hit. They will get royalty income every single time their book is purchased, their song is played, or their movie is streamed. The hard work at the front end resulted in passive cash flow on the back-end. Some of these creators are even able to multiply the income earned from their product when it becomes an equally big hit in another format. Ready examples that come to mind are The Firm or The Client, two movies based on books by John Grisham. In the same vein, every so often a song becomes a musical and a movie. Think of Mamma Mia, which which was one of ABBA’s greatest hits.

Food bloggers always come to mind when I think of content creators who make oodles of cash. The hard work is done at the front end, but that work only needs to be done once for each recipe. The bloggers need to create and edit the videos for the recipe. They have to write the blog posts. They need to keep their website up to date and interesting. (And much love to the bloggers who use the “Jump to Recipe” button! You walk among God’s angels.) They ensure that the recipe is posted to Pinterest, TikTok & Instagram. They upload their videos to the internet, where it is viewed and possibly shared many, many, many times over. And I’m sure there are multiple other steps that need to be taken before a video is a success with viewers. Bottom line, food bloggers have the chance to make passive income off that one recipe for a very long time.

When I think of very successful food bloggers, these are two of many who come to mind – Delish D’Lites and Binging with Babish. As a matter of fact, Mr. Babish has figured out how to make money off of his “mistakes” in the kitchen. Check out this video about cinnamon buns. Have you ever seen a more mouth-watering mistake than these?

If you like real estate, then you can earn income by owning cash-flowing properties. At the time of this post, the Talking Heads are predicting a crash for the housing market. Time will tell if they’re right. If you’ve always wanted to be landlord, then perhaps you should start making some plans. It’s not my cup of tea, but to each their own. I prefer to earn my income with the least amount of effort.

My favorite way to increase my income is through the stock market. I love my dividends! Long-time readers know that I invest a portion of my paycheque every month. The result of my consistency has been a nice 5-figure annual cash flow of dividends & capital gains. This is truly passive income. Much like content creators, I had to do the work up front to earn my paycheque. Unlike content creators, there is far less chance that my efforts will be for naught. A book/song/script might not sell. A blog or video might be ignored in the vastness that is the Interwebz. My dividends are nearly guaranteed. They might be cut but they have never been eliminated. I’ve always received capital gains at the end of the year.

Increasing your income through dividends and capital gains is true passive income. It’s the set-it-and-forget-it way to earn more money, aka: Lazy Person’s Way to Make Money. Instead of sending my body into the work place to find a part-time job, I’ve sent part of my salary out to work. Once invested, my money makes money and that money makes money. I’ve created a beautiful money-making cycle that will continue as long as I’m alive.

Think about what you do with your time when you’re not at work, earning your salary. I’m going to suggest that you always have the time to earn additional income. Even if you’re swamped with other responsibilities and commitments, you can take advantage of the Lazy Person’s Way to Make Money. You only need to complete the following 4 steps:

  1. Decide how much of your paycheque you’ll re-direct to your investment account.
  2. Set up an automatic transfer of that amount from your chequing account to your investment account for each time you get paid.
  3. Buy as many units you can in a well-diversified equity based exchange-traded fund.
  4. Repeat step 3 without fail.

However, if you find yourself with several hours of Netflix/Amazon Prime/Hulu/Disney or any other kind of TV watching each day, then maybe consider using an hour or two to create something or start a side-hustle. Trust me. The “entertainment” can always be watched or consumed later, but your time cannot be recouped. If you want more income, then you’ll have to use your time wisely. Bear in mind that nothing is stopping you from using the Lazy Person’s Way to Make Money while also pursuing a side hustle or creating content for mass consumption.

Again, your income is not your salary. While your employer controls the salary that you receive, you have options for increasing your income. Govern yourself accordingly.

The Boring Middle

The boring middle… I’ve come across this phrase several times in the past two years while perusing various personal finance sites. It refers to the period of time between setting a long-term goal, such as financial independence or retirement, and achieving that goal. From my own experience, it’s an apt term to describe the slog.

Ideally, I would’ve decided to retire early and then won a lottery jackpot a few weeks later. Goal set – goal met! Easy-peasy-lemon-squeezy!

That has not been my reality. It’s been 15 or so years since I set the goal of early retirement… and I’m still working towards it. I’m still in the boring middle! That lottery win hasn’t happened yet, despite my best efforts, so I’m stuck with relying on my paycheques and investment income to build my portfolio. Even after a decade and a half, I still don’t have enough of a cash cushion to amicably part ways with my employer.

Now, that’s not to say that your experience is going to mirror mine. Some people are able to start a successful business and get there much faster. Check out Yo QuieroDinero‘s story of a lady who was able to quit her corporate job in under 10 years and is now living my dream life of travel funded by passive income. She also owns the food blog, Delish D’lites. Here’s the story of a man who was able to get it done in 5 years. The internet offers many, many, many such stories.

I’m not an entrepreneur nor have I had any wildly successful business ideas. I’ve dabbled in rental properties, but my real love is dividend income & capital gains. They’re truly the most passive income out there. In my humble opinion, the only drawback is the amount of time that it’s taken me to build a decent 5-figure income stream from these sources. For me, the boring middle is going to be around for a very long time.

Staying Motivated

Truth be told, I’ve never wavered in my desire for early retirement. Staying motivated hasn’t been a problem. My career has been very rewarding in some aspects, but I don’t love it enough to extend it further than absolutely necessary. It’s not my passion. Unlike Garden Answer, I’m not making a decent living doing what I love. By the way, if you’re an amateur gardener, I’d suggest watching her videos. The flower pictures on this blog are from my yard & others I’ve worked in. I used to be scared to try new things. Now, I’ve got the confidence to tackle larger projects!

So how have I stayed focused during the boring middle?

Firstly, I have many interim goals. Pre-pandemic, most of those revolved around travel. I managed to visit Europe three times in 5 years. For a person whose family did mostly road trips when I was growing up, it’s almost embarrassing to admit that I have no idea how many times I’ve been on a plane. I’ve managed to visit 6 different countries so far. Once the airlines are fully staffed and running with their pre-pandemic efficiency, I’ll be back in the air and visiting more new places. Until then, I’ll be doing roadtrips in my own country and seeing all those homegrown places that are still on my want-to-visit list.

Secondly, automation does a lot of the work for me. I have automatic transfers in place to move my money around each time I get paid. It’s not up to me to remember to send money to my investment portfolio. There’s never any temptation to spend that money on something else, just this once. The result is that I can go about my day-to-day life without having to worry about whether I’m moving closer to or further from my goal of early retirement. I don’t have to focus on the boring middle because automation is doing 97% of the money-moving work for me. Once a month, I buy more units in my chosen ETFs and then I’m done.

Thirdly, I enjoy the present. It’s summertime! And that means I get to indulge in my amateur gardening skills. Yay! I spend late winter and early spring planning out what I want to buy and where I want to plant things. After the long weekend in May, I get shovels & trowels into the dirt. I’ve decided that I’m only going to put perennials in the ground. All of my annuals will go into containers. This choice makes things way easier on my lower back and knees, neither of which are getting any younger.

Time with family and friends helps me in the boring middle. I realize that focusing solely on money and retirement isn’t healthy. I need to have good, solid relationships with others too. Spending time with my family friends creates and nourishes the truly important bonds in one’s life. As I’ve said before, you cannot have a relationship with money. So while I’m in the boring middle, I don’t have to have a life that’s boring. I’m building relationships. I’m reading, cooking, baking, traveling, gardening, etc… There’s a lot of life to be lived outside of financial goals. I don’t want to miss any of it.

Day By Day

Set your goals and make a plan. The boring middle lasts as long as it lasts. Maybe you’ll figure out a way to shorten it. If so, good for you! If not, that’s okay too. Don’t spend your life wishing it away. Focus on your priorities. Live below your means. Drink enough water. Be present when you’re with family and friends. Build strong relationships with people who are worthy of your time and energy. Invest your money consistently. Time will do the rest.

Time to Take a Breath

Welcome back! How are you doing? What’s been troubling you financially? Maybe it’s time to take a breath?

It’s been kind of a crazy time for the past few months, hasn’t it? All the headlines and media platforms are screaming about inflation and debt and financial turmoil. No fun for anyone, right? They’ve amped up the financial fear to the next level, and it’s normal to be troubled by that.

I want you to take a breath, maybe even take two breaths. Turn off the media and news reports for 24 hours. Trust me. The bad news will still be there tomorrow. If you miss one day of it, you’ll be helping yourself and no harm will come to the one delivering the bad news to you. Take a breath – relax.

Get Back to Basics

You cannot change the interest rates, and you’re not going to single-handedly bring down the rate of inflation. Those things are out of your control. However, you do hold the power to pay attention to your own financial situation. Focus on your sphere of influence.

Start by ensuring that you’re still living below your means. If you’re not tracking your expenses, start. And if you’re already tracking them, keep doing so. It’s the only way to know where your money is going. Make sure that you’re not spending every nickel. Whatever you don’t spend should split between your emergency fund, debt repayment, and investing for long-term growth.

Inflation is problematic for all of us. What can you do to limit its impact on your life? If you have the space, try bulk buying of staples. Switch to a cheaper grocery store. Try the generic products and see if they’ll do. Cut back on the number of streaming services.

One of the best ways I’ve found to save money is to stay at home. And I know this one might be tough, considering that we’ve just emerged from 2-years of pandemic-related lockdowns and limitations. However, the reality is that staying at home helps me to not spend money. I’ve got the entire library available to me on my tablet, so I can read to my heart’s content. I watch movies on my streaming services. My neighbours are friendly so I get a chance to chat with them while tending my garden. And my garden is a delight since everything is in bloom.

Obviously, I don’t know where you live or what your circumstances are. However, I’m still going to suggest that you consider staying home a tiny bit more than you already do and assess whether this step will keep a touch more money in your wallet. And if doing so doesn’t work for you, then go out. (Please wear a mask though – as of today’s post, the pandemic isn’t over!)

Get Out of Debt

Like I said above, you can’t control the interest rates. Banks are quick to raise rates in line with increases from the central bank. This means that you’re paying more for your variable rate loans – things like your line of credit and variable rate mortgages. I haven’t yet heard of credit card companies jacking their interest rates, but it wouldn’t surprise me if they did.

Again, take a breath. Relax.

Go back to what I said about tracking your expenses. Find the extra money, and apply a portion of it to your debts. You’ll have to make your minimum monthly payments, just like you were doing previously. The extra money will become an extra debt payment.

Very importantly, don’t take on any new debt. This might not always be possible, but you’d be doing yourself a very huge favor if you moved Heaven and Earth to avoid acquiring any new debt.

Whether you use the debt snowball or the debt avalanche is up to you. Both of them will get you out of debt. Once you’re out, stay out.

Build Your Emergency Fund

Your emergency fund probably needs to be bigger.

Relax – take a breath. You can do this too. It won’t happen overnight but it will happen in less time than you think.

Take a portion of that extra money and automatically send it to your emergency fund. I really don’t care how much you contribute. I’d suggest $50 per week, but start with what you can and work your way up. There is an emergency in your future and the odds are very, very good that it will have some kind of financial component.

The time to prepare for it is now. So take a breath. Review your automatic transfer to your emergency fund. Can you increase that amount? Even by $1? The more you can save today, the more grateful you will be tomorrow when you need the money.

As your debts are paid off, use a quarter of those former debt payments to fund your emergency fund. (The other three quarters will be re-directed towards the other outstanding debts, as per the debt snowball or debt avalanche method.) Your debts will eventually disappear, and your emergency fund will be growing at the same time. This is a very good thing.

Invest for Long-Term Growth

The third part of that extra money you found is going to be invested in the stock market for long-term growth.

You’re going to ignore the media. Over the long term, the stock market goes up. Full stop.

You’re investing for decades, not for weeks or months. What happens in the short-term is almost irrelevant. Again, you’re investing for decades. So set up your automatic contribution to your investment portfolio, re-balance it every year, and go on about the rest of your life. Compound interest works best with a long time horizon and steady, consistent monetary contributions.

In the interests of transparency, I can say that I started to focus on my investment portfolio in 2011. I chose to invest in dividend-paying exchange-traded funds. I’m happy to share that I’m on track to earn $30,000 in dividends this year, barring dividend cuts. I’ve learned to ignore the Talking Heads of the Media and to focus on ensuring that I did my part, i.e. using automatic contributions to fund my investment portfolio. Had I known then what I know now, I would’ve invested in well-diversified equity-based ETFs and I would’ve benefitted from even higher returns.

I’m strongly urging you to set up your investment portfolio. If you’ve already done so, then continue to make consistent contributions. So long as you don’t add new ones, your debts will go away. There will come a point when your emergency fund holds 6-12 months’ worth of expenses. At the point, you can use re-direct two-thirds of the former debt payment & emergency fund contributions to investing. The other one third can be used to pay for the nice-to-have’s.

Take a Breath.

Step back from the news for a day, maybe two. The chin-wag of the media isn’t tailored to your personal finances, so you ought not give it too, too much attention. You have a plan for surviving today’s turbulent times. Focus on what’s within your power to control.

Relax.

The Other Side of BRRRR.

There’s a subset of FIRE adherents who religiously follow the BRRRR method that has been made famous by the good folks at Bigger Pockets. BRRRR is an acronym which stands for Buy Renovate Rent Refinance Repeat. Essentially, an investor buys a property, renovates it, and puts a renter in it. Renovations increase the value of the property. The investor withdraw the new equity by refinancing the property with the bank then goes on to find another property in order to repeat this process.

When the BRRRR method works, real estate investors make very good money. The investor only undertakes renovations in the belief that they will increase the value of the property and extract equity. If they don’t believe they can do that, then they have no motivation to buy the property in the first place. New tenants are generally found to pay the new, higher monthly rental and that should be enough to pay off the mortgage over time. Good cash flow also puts profits into the investor’s pocket. Refinancing the property at the higher assessed value means the investor can withdraw money to fund the purchase of the next property and start this process all over again.

Great plan for the investor! Great plan for the bank!

Not so great a plan for the people who lived in the property before it was renovated. The previous tenants may not be able to afford the new rental prices. It stands to reason that the investor would not have bought the property and poured money into renovations if she didn’t believe that higher rents could be charged to offset the costs. In other words, the goal is to acquire higher-paying tenants in each unit.

What happens to the renters who cannot pay the new, higher rents?

This is the other side of BRRRR… and proponents of this method never discuss the issue of what happens to the poor people. Some people in society simply cannot afford to pay more for their accommodation. What happens to them?

Again, under the BRRRR method, rents increase after the renovations are done. Existing tenants are always welcome to stay in their units if they can afford the new, higher rental rates. Even those who moved out during the renovations are welcome to return… if they can afford the new, higher rental rates.

Adherents to the BRRRR method don’t talk about what happens to the poor people, or those who have otherwise lost access to a rental unit within their budget. (Maybe the adherents do talk about this privately, but never publicly?) When implemented as designed, the BRRRR method necessarily pushes the poorest renters to the margins. They lose their homes because they don’t have enough money to pay the higher rents. Perhaps it’s naive of me to wish that proponents of the BRRRR method acknowledged this, and maybe consider taking slightly less profit by letting a few of the poor tenants live in the renovated units at their former rental rates.

I don’t have any easy answers for the people profiled in the attached CBC article. The bottom line is that the renters profiled in that story need money to pay higher rents. Hopefully, they get it from someone. Rents are not going down any time soon. It’s difficult to build a nest egg when every penny of income has to be spent on the daily costs of living.

And the solution is…

Presently, I do not have any solutions for people who are already caught in poverty’s trap. Most of my suggestions are aimed at people who have some disposable income, aka: fat to cut from their current spending habits. It’s trite but true – you need money to make money. You might not need a lot to get started, but you do need a little something. You cannot invest $0 because $0 is not enough to buy anything.

For my part, I encourage people to have emergency funds and passive income so that they have a buffer of sorts. Passive income bolsters any money earned through the sweat of your own brow. And if you have enough passive income, then it’s the equivalent of a second salary. Should you choose to rent your accommodation, having passive income increases your odds of always being able to pay for the inevitable rental increases.

Ideally, your regular job pays for your all of your expenses before retirement, while your passive income builds a cushion for you. To be extremely clear, you should also view investing for Future You as an expense to be paid from current income. If your investments do very, very well, then your passive income will continue to grow while also paying for the expenses of your retirement. This will allow you to absorb the increased costs of living after your working years are over. Inflation won’t stop just because your employment income has.

For myself, I love receiving income from dividends and capital gains. Money from my day-job buys me shares in dividend-producing companies. Every month, a little bit of dividend money is automatically re-invested to buy more shares in dividend-producing companies. At the end of the year, I receive capital gains. I’ve been doing this for a very long time. So far, my passive income is almost equivalent to a full-time job at minimum income in my province. It’s not enough to live on, but it’s certainly a good amount to re-invest every year.

The past cannot be changed.

I was fortunate enough to read the book, The Wealthy Barber by David Chilton, when I was a newly-minted adult. That book set me on the path of learning about personal finance. (I think you can still get this book from the library.)

Unfortunately, no one can go back in time and make different choices with their money. The renters in the article need help today. Regretting past decisions won’t help them with their current problems. The impact of the BRRRR method is forcing them to seek new shelter now. The limitations of their funds are preventing them from acquiring a new home that they will like as much as the one they had to vacate. Wondering what could have been done 20 or 30 years ago does not help them today. They are facing the very real risk of losing their homes as a result of the BRRRR method.

My question to you is this. Do the investors following the BRRRR method owe anything to the people that they displace?

Is it Better to Invest or Pay Off Debt?

One of the perennial questions in the sphere of personal finance is whether it is better to invest or pay off debt. The answer is nuanced and there is no one right answer for anyone.

Money has to be invested in the stock market for as long as possible. Time is required so that capital gains and dividends can be accrued and re-invested on a consistent, long-term basis. In other words, compound growth works best when given a long time horizon. These facts favour paying the absolute minimum on your debts while investing money into the market.

On the other hand, paying debt for longer than necessary means that you’re sending interest payments to creditors. Consumer debt can have double-digit interest rates. Unless you’re paying 0% interest on your debt, you can be guaranteed that you’re paying interest to someone for the privilege of having borrowed their money. Debts have a way sticking around much longer than we’d like. From that perspective, it makes sense to pay off debt as fast as possible and to delay investing.

Both good options. Which one is best?

This is where nuance must be applied. Each person’s situations is different. Yet, the following remains true. Dollars spent to repay money owed to creditors cannot be invested in the stock market for long-term growth. If you devote 5 years to pay off non-mortgage debt, aka: consumer debt, then that means you’ve lost 5 years of compound growth for your investment portfolio. It might take longer than 5 years to eradicate your debts. The bottom line is that your money needs to be invested today, preferably yesterday, so that it can grow as quickly as possible.

Why not do both simultaneously?

As I’ve matured and gained wisdom, I’ve started to ask myself why the choice has to be so stark. Is there a really good reason why a person cannot do both? Why not invest and pay down debt at the same time?

Presumably, you are not living paycheque-to-paycheque. This means that there’s some extra money in your budget. If there wasn’t, then this question wouldn’t even come up in the first place. The reason you’re asking the question is because you want to make best use that extra money.

Let’s say you have an extra $250 per month. Why not send half to your investment portfolio and send the other half to your debts? I call this the Half-and-Half Method.

If you invest on no-commission platform, then you’ll be investing $125 each month for the Care and Feeding of Future You. This is a respectable start. (As you earn more money and pay off your debt, this amount should be increased.)

The other $125 can be put towards your debt as an extra payment. Some people apply extra money to the lowest balance, in order to get rid of it faster – the Debt Snowball Method. Other people choose to direct extra money to the debt with the highest interest rate, in order to pay as little interest as possible – the Debt Avalanche Method. Personally, I like the snowball method because it delivers a sense of accomplishment sooner rather than later.

Remember that nuance I was mentioning earlier? Well, there are two factors that I look at in any situations. There are probably more, but I’ve yet to ponder them sufficiently to discuss them with you in this post.

Age

The younger you are, the longer the time horizon. For this reason, I think you can devote slightly more to your debt repayment than your investments. If you’re under 30, then I’m okay if 60% of your $250 goes to debt repayment while 35% goes to investments.

Every compound growth chart out there shows that younger people can invest much less money each month to achieve the same final amount as someone who starts investing at later ages.

That said, I don’t want you to think that investing $0 is acceptable. It is not. You should be aiming for atleast $100 per month when you’re in your 20s. Again, as you pay off debt and/or increase your income, you’ll need to increase this amount.

If you’re 30 and older, definitely use the Half-and-Half method. You don’t want debt payments in retirement, especially if you’ll be living on a fixed income. However, you’ll also want to build a nice cash cushion for your retirement. The Half-and-Half method allows you to do both.

Length of Time To Pay Off Debt

This one appears to contradict my Half-and-Half method. Still, I do like the sense of accomplishment that it provides. If you can knock out a debt in 90 days or less, then commit the entire $250 to doing so and forego contributing to your investments for 3 months.

The caveat here is that this is a one-time option. I don’t want you to delay investing for 90 days, then delay investing for another 90 days to knock out another debt, and then delay investing again. Serially focusing on paying off one debt at a time is simply focusing on paying off debt. If you pay off a 90-day debt only to incur another debt that can be paid off in 90 days, then you’re better off using the Half-and-Half method. Clearly, debt is going to be a structural feature of your life so you need to be investing atleast some of your money for the Care and Feeding of Future You.

Too Long, Didn’t Read!

Is it better to invest or pay off debt?

The answer is to do both at the same time. The need to provide for Future You does not diminish just because you’re paying off debt. Contribute to your investment portfolio while you’re paying off your debts. Eventually, your debts will go away and there will be a nice cash cushion waiting for you later on down the line. It’s the best of both worlds.