Tag: passive income

Make Money While You Sleep

Passive income is my favourite kind. If there’s an easier way to increase my cash flow, then I haven’t found it yet. Generating passive income takes a modicum of effort on the front end, then time does the rest. You will make money while you sleep. It can’t get any easier than that!

When I first started investing in dividend-generating securities, my monthly dividends were roughly enough to buy a pack of gum. It wasn’t exciting and I didn’t tell anyone about them. Instead, I went about the business of setting up a dividend re-investment plan, aka: a DRIP, so that all those little amounts of money could compound as fast as possible. In the meantime, I sliced off a chunk of my paycheque every two weeks and sent it to my investment account. Over time, the monthly amount of dividends steadily increased. The first time I earned $1K in a single month was pretty exciting! My plan was finally working and I could envision living off my dividends in retirement. Woohoo!!!

What I love most about dividends is that they’re the easiest money I’ve ever earned. The money that I invested 30 years ago is still working for me. That fact still blows my mind. Yes – I had to go to work to earn a paycheque. And I had to live below my means, which is just another way of saying that I had to choose to invest-for-tomorrow rather than spend-every-nickel. Finally, I had to leave it the hell alone for a very long time so the DRIP could work its magic.

The beauty of a DRIP is that it compounds the dividends automatically. I don’t need to re-invest the same earned dollar over and over and over in order to see the dividend amount grow. The compound growth from that first contribution will continue indefinitely until such time as I sell the underlying investment. So every time I invest new dollars, I’m increasing the assets that will work for me 24/7/365. Those assets grow for me in two ways. First, each subsequent contribution makes my asset base larger. Second, companies increase their dividend payments. This is known as organic dividend growth, and I love it.

The invested dollars are the ones that are buying me my financial freedom, one paycheque at a time. I can’t deny that the size of my paycheque mattered too. After all, one can’t invest if one has barely enough to cover the bare necessities from one paycheque to the next. Thankfully, I wasn’t in that position. I was fortunate enough to be in a position where I had plenty leftover to splurge on the wants. Instead, I curbed that impulse and chose to invest a good chunk of my disposable income.

(Lest you think that I lived like a miser, rest assured that I did not. I’ve travelled to Europe 3 times in the space of 5 years, visited the US more times that I can remember, attended 3 destination weddings in not-inexpensive locations, maintained seasons tickets to Broadway Across Canada, gone to many concerts at home and abroad, and socialized atleast twice per week with friends. The pandemic slowed me down, but only because everything was closed for a bit. I’ve had many great experiences with family and friends, while avoiding the relentless marketing & exhortations to spend everything I earn.)

Looking back, I credit those three steps – earn, invest, DRIP – with putting me in the position that I am today. If it becomes necessary, I could live on my dividend income. It would be tight, but I could do it. Do you know how comforting that feeling is? I’ve reached Lean FIRE, as the kids call it.

One of my favourite YouTubers talks about how she set up an investment account for the sole purpose of paying for her home’s mortgage. At the time of her video, Dividend Dream had an investment account that generated enough cash every year to pay for her mortgage. Watch her video. After giving it considerable thought, she decided that it made little sense to liquidate her account to pay off her mortgage. I’m convinced that she’s right. When you have a cash machine steadily paying for some, if not all, of your expenses, there is no good reason to destroy it. It makes more sense to keep the cash machine running smoothly so you can live off the income it generates.

Speaking from personal experience, Dividend Dream’s method works. As I said early, my first few dividend payments were enough to buy a pack of gum. Then they grew to be enough to cover my monthly Netflix subscription. Soon after that, they were enough to put one tank of gas in my vehicle. The next big step was paying for half a mortgage payment, then a full mortgage payment. Today, my monthly dividend cheque is enough to cover 90% of my regular monthly expenses – both needs and wants. That’s pretty good, if I do say so myself.

Invested money works non-stop. It doesn’t get sick, need time off, or otherwise stop working for you. Once you get the ball rolling, there’s little else that you need to do. Earn the money then invest it in dividend-producing assets. Time will do the rest. You can sleep without worry, comfortable in the knowledge that you’re earning money through passive income. Unless you’re paid to sleep, I can’t think of a better or easier way to earn money.

Slow and Steady – My Dividend Story

Way back in 2011, I started to invest in dividend funds. I started with a bank’s mutual fund, then moved my money into an index fund with an investment company, and I’ve now finally settled on a couple of exchange traded funds.*** I had a goal of creating a steady stream of passive income. What could be more passive than dividends? I work once. Then I invest my money into dividend-paying investments. Those investments pay me dividends for as long as they live in my portfolio. It was a simple and brilliant plan!

So I stuck to my slow and steady method of building my dividend portfolio. I’d paid off my mortgage very, very early so I used my former mortgage payments to invest. And there was nothing wrong with my vehicle so I didn’t buy a new one. Instead, I invested my former car payments. My career was still young, which meant I was getting salary increases over the years. I used half of each increase to improve my day-to-day life, but the other half went to invest in my portfolio.

The plan was very simple. Buy dividend-paying investments for a very long time then use the dividends to pay for life’s expenses in retirement. I wanted my dividends to be a reliable source of cash flow when my paycheque disappeared.

Was my plan perfect? No! Have I always made the correct choices when writing my dividend story? Again, no!

There are so many things that were wrong with my plan. One, I didn’t start early enough. You see, I paid off my mortgage in 2006 but I didn’t start investing beyond my RRSP and TFSA until 2011. That was 5 years of simply living. I travelled and renovated to my home. My RRPS and TFSA were stuffed to their limits, but it took me a little while to realize that I could be investing in my non-registered portfolio.

Secondly, I failed to appreciate how long it would take. Dividends are wonderful, and I love each of mine equally! However they don’t grow very fast without exceedingly huge up-front investments. Remember, I was investing both my former mortgage payment and my former vehicle payment. That was not a small amount of money. Even with a dividend re-investment plan, it took many years before I saw note-worthy effects of compounding. Earning four figures in dividends each month did not happen overnight. Today, I’m consistently earning over $2,000/mth in dividends… yet it’s still not enough for me to retire comfortably. I’d been hoping that my dividends would exceed my contributions by now, but that’s yet to happen. I’m close but not quite there. All in good time…

With the benefit of hindsight, I see that my portfolio would have grown much faster and been much larger had I invested the exact same amount into an equity-based, growth product. Between 2009 and 2020, the stock market was on a bull run. My portfolio would’ve grown exponentially larger had I invested differently. Growth ETFs and index funds generated much better returns that my dividend products. Growth products were a lot more volatile, and their distributions were not as frequent. At the time, I didn’t know as much as I do now so I saw those factors as deterrents. I chose dividend products, but I would have had more money in my kitty today had I chosen equity products.

Thirdly, I didn’t take the time to find other dividend investors and learn from their experience. Several years after starting my dividend story, I found Tawcan’s website and truly started to learn about how to invest in dividend-paying stocks. His system is more sophisticated than mine, but my armamentarium has benefitted from his lessons. I’ve often wished that his website had been around when I was in high school. I could’ve started down this investment journey from my first job as a grocery store clerk! If wishes were horses, then beggars would ride.

I’m sharing my dividend story with you because it’s important that you know that you don’t have to be perfect when it comes to investing. For all my mistakes, and they weren’t small ones, I’ve met my goal of building a passive stream of income to help pay for my living expenses in retirement. The effects of compounding are noticeable now, as my annual dividend payment is increasing thanks to the DRIP feature.

There were a few things that I did perfectly.

  • First, I chose to live below my means. Once the necessities were paid, I didn’t spend every other nickel on my wants. Some of those nickels were diverted to investing. This is key. A portion of every raise was re-directed towards my investment goals. I’ve travelled and attended concerts and spent weekends in the mountains and bought gifts and contributed to charity and bought garden supplies and worked on craft projects and bought furniture and paid for parking and etc, etc, etc… However, I have always made sure to pay myself first from every paycheque.

  • Second, I picked a path and stuck to it. There is no one perfect path for everyone. My imperfect path works for me and it will get me where I want to be. I’m a huge proponent of buy-and-hold. It’s an investing philosophy that has worked for me over the years. I don’t watch the stock market ticker. And I have little faith in my ability to time the market. How can I possibly know in advance which stocks will take off and which ones will fail? Buying into ETFs means I don’t have to do all of the rigorous financial analysis myself.

  • Third, I stayed out of debt. This can be tough, but it’s doable. I had to say “No” to myself, a lot. I didn’t want debt payments to creditors. Instead, I wanted contribution payments to my future. Please don’t think I deprived myself. When I wanted something badly enough, I found a way to get it. I simply chose not to want everything that the AdMan told me I should want.

  • Fourth, I ignored the incessant chin-wag of the Talking Heads of the Media. I learned early on that they couldn’t predict my future. They didn’t know the particulars of my circumstances. I had a very healthy skepticism about whether their “advice” and “insights” would be useful for me. Instead, I stuck to what I understood.

In my humble opinion, dividends are an excellent source of passive income. All things considered, I can’t say that I regret making the choice to invest in them more than a decade ago. While I may never reach the dividend income of this particular individual who earns $360,000 per year in dividends, Part 1 and Part 2, I’m satisfied with what I’ve been able to accomplish on my own. My dividend story is not too shabby, if I do say so myself!

*** The reason for so many switches? Each move from one product to the next meant that my management expense ratio decreased. First, I was paying over 1.76% of whatever amount I was investing when I was in the bank’s mutual fund. When I learned about index funds, I transferred my money from the bank to the private investment company, where I started paying an MER of 0.75%. Along came exchange-traded funds and I reduced my MERs even more, so that I paid 0.55%. Today, I’m paying 0.22%. My thinking is simple. Why should I pay higher MERs for the exact same investment product?

Renting vs. Owning

I’ve been a big fan of Garth Turner, who blogs over at Greater Fool, for a few years now. He’s a big proponent of creating cash flows for retirement. Towards that end, he has written many, many persuasive posts about why people should sell their homes, invest the equity, and live off the investment income.

It’s not necessarily a bad plan. For a very long time, I thought it was a great plan.

But…

Lately, I’ve come to question how feasible this plan is for everyone who owns a house. If you’ve been in Vancouver or Toronto for a few decades, then your house could likely sell for a high 6-figure amount, possibly even a 7-figure amount. And if you’ve been there for a few decades, then hopefully your mortgage is gone.

Take that sweet, sweet cash and invest it – in a properly balanced and diversified portfolio, a la Garth Tuner. Now you’ve got cash flow coming in from your investment portfolio to pay your rent. If you’re really fortunate, your investments might even kick off enough money for you to live on. Easy, peasy, lemon-squeezy!

Yet I still have doubts…

My only concern with Mr. Turner’s advice is that not everyone has a home that, when sold, will generate enough money to live on. If a person’s in that situation, and sells, then they face the prospect of ever increasing rents. While their portfolio is growing in the background (hopefully!), it’s quite conceivable that their rental increases outpace the growth of their investment income. In this situation, portfolio income isn’t enough to pay your rent. Mr. Turner’s plan no longer works.

Are people really in a better situation if they’re renting and their employment income has to go towards rent, instead of towards buying more investments, because their portfolio’s returns won’t cover the bills?

In that situation, isn’t the portfolio more like a part-time job than a reliable cash-flow on which one can live and eventually retire? And I use the term “part-time job” to convey the idea that, while the income from a part-time job nice to have, the annual amount of money generated isn’t enough by itself to keep body and soul together.

And if their employment income and investment income are both used to pay the rent, then what happens when the employment income goes away?

Then they’re without a home, and their portfolio’s not generating enough money to cover all that needs to be covered.

Renting might not be the answer

One of my greatest financial fears is being an elderly person who rents. Once employment stops, then all expenses have to be covered by pension payments and investment returns. Pensions are disappearing at an incredibly rapid clip. Investment returns aren’t guaranteed, even if you’re one of the lucky ones who managed build a multi-million dollar portfolio before retirement.

It seems to me that a paid-off home is a cornerstone of a secure retirement. People who own their own homes don’t have to be concerned with rental increases or eviction. They can stay in their homes for as long as their health will allow.

This is great!

And yet…

Houses are so damn expensive today! Even if you’re not in Vancouver or Toronto, a $350,000 house isn’t exactly cheap when you’re earning less than six figures. If it takes you 20-25 years to pay off your mortgage, and your employer isn’t promising you a pension, when exactly are you going to have that extra money to set aside in an investment portfolio?

If you’re not one of the people who earns enough money to pay off a mortgage while simultaneously saving for retirement, then maybe Garth Turner is right.

After all, you might avoid rental increases and eviction but let’s face facts. A paid-off house won’t help you buy groceries and heat and medicine in your dotage. Reality being what it is, a person cannot spend their house one doorknob at a time in order to buy what they need, when they need it. Only money can be spent on stuff. A paid for house represents locked-in money. It’s money that cannot be invested or spent unless the home is sold or otherwise mortgaged.

So what’s the right answer?

I have no idea. The older I get, the less I really know for sure.

For many people, housing is ridiculously expensive and it requires a paycheque-to-paycheque existence until the mortgage is gone. Funding one’s own retirement by creating a reliable cash flow is also ridiculously expensive, yet it’s a task that few of us can afford to ignore.

I can certainly see the allure of living off of investment income after liquidating the equity in your home. But so many things have to go right for a very long time for this plan to be feasible. One, you have to properly invest the money. Two, you have to hang on to your investments even when the market drops during a recession. Three, you have to know what to do when black swan events have a negative impact on your portfolio.

Yet, I can also see the hazards of spending most of your working life paying for a house. One, you don’t have significant retirement savings because it took so long to pay off your mortgage. You didn’t have enough time to re-direct your former mortgage payments towards your investment portfolio. Two, you’re making a long-term bet that you’ll always have an income over the 20+ years it might take you to pay off your mortgage. Three, you forever foresake the growth that your money could’ve provided had you invested it in a well-balanced & diversified portfolio.

Again, I don’t know what the right answer is. By way of this article, I simply want you to be aware of the options, the benefits, and the drawbacks. Start figuring out what’s best for you and for your future.

Whether you choose to rent or you choose to own, make that decision with your eyes wide open and fully aware of the opportunity costs of your choice.