Tag: Exchange Traded Funds

Into the Minutiae: Lowering your MERs While Meeting Your Goals.

You should be lowering your MERs, i.e. management expense ratios whenever it makes sense to do so. In short, the MER is the price that you pay for the investment product that you’re buying. It’s a percentage of your investment that is paid to the company that put the product on the market. MERs can range from as low as 0.04% to 2.75%.

As I’ve said before, success with money is within everyone’s grasp because the secret sauce isn’t being bright. Take it from me. I’m not the smartest lobster but I’ve managed to set myself up quite nicely by reading a little bit and following a few simple steps. I’ll share them with you right up front so you can start doing these things for yourself too. I promise that Future You will be very happy if you start and continue doing the following 3 things:

  1. Live below your means so that you always have money leftover to invest. Track your expenses. Cut down on the things that aren’t essential to your survival. Use that money to invest for the future and to build your emergency fund.
  2. Invest 20% of your net income for long-term growth in a well-diversified equity exchange-traded fund (ETF)***. You’ll find the 20% by completing step one. If you can’t find 20% right away, then start with whatever you can and work your way up to 20%.
  3. Re-invest all the dividends and capital gains that your portfolio generates. Do not spend this money! Your dividends and capital gains will bolster the money that you invest from your paycheque. They will exponentially increase the compound growth of your investments. The result of re-investing dividends and capital gains is having your portfolio growing bigger and faster without any extra work from you.

Consistently investing a portion of your paycheque every time you’re paid will vastly improve the odds that you won’t be homeless, hungry, and cold when you’re a senior citizen. If you follows these 3 steps faithfully, you’ll do very for yourself.

My favourite sibling and I were talking about investments and my sibling stated that I hadn’t optimized my investments over the years. I couldn’t disagree. The truth is that I have made mistakes over the years, and I could’ve made smarter choices sooner. However, I don’t flagellate myself too, too much over the choices I’ve made because no one is perfect. For all of the reading I’ve done and people I’ve talked to, here’s the truth. No one has an ideal investment track record. Every single person could’ve made atleast one better choice at some point. Everyone has made mistakes when it comes to their investment journey.

The only mistake that is fatal to building wealth is never starting. Working paycheque-to-paycheque for a lifetime is pretty much guaranteed to ensure that there is no retirement money waiting for you when employment ends.

Thankfully, that is one mistake that I didn’t make. I’ve been investing since the age of 21. Have I done it in the best way possible? Absolutely not! If I could go back and make different investment choices, you’d better believe that I would do so.

The one area where I didn’t screw myself too badly was in relation to MERs. As soon as I understood what they were, I made sure to lower them as quickly as I could.

Again, if you follow the first 3 steps that I’ve set out, Future You will be very happy.

Optimizing your MERs is simply delving into the minutiae.

Check out this expense ration impact calculator to see the difference that MERs make on your returns. Just for fun, plug in a starting investment of $0, an annual investment of $5200, expected return of 7%, and an investment duration of 30 years. Now, change the expense ratio from 0.04% to 2.75%. Carefully review the difference in the future value of total investment and the total cost of the fund.

Keep playing with this calculator, and use your own numbers. Maybe you’re not starting at $0, or you can’t invest $100/week, or the lowest MER you can find for the ETF you want is 0.35%. The point is that higher MERs mean that you keep less of your money over time. If you lower your MERs, then you will keep more of your money. Your time horizon is decades long and you’ll eventually have a 7-figure portfolio size.

Invest in ETFs with low MERs. When you pay lower MERs, more of your money will remain invested over a long period of time. Money that isn’t paid out as fees will benefit from compound growth. That means it stays in your pocket instead of going to the ETF-provider. Look for ETFs that have MERs of 0.5% or less and try to only buy those. You’ll be doing yourself a huge favour.

MERs shouldn’t be the first thing that you consider when you’re looking for the right ETFs to add to your portfolio. But if you want to optimize the returns on your investments, MERs shouldn’t be ignored either. If you have to choose between two ETFs that will allow you to meet your financial goals, pick the one that has the lower MER.

*** In the interests of transparency, I invest my money in VXC. This ETF is from Vanguard Canada. I like Vanguard because their ETFs have low MERs and they give me the diversification that I need to grow my portfolio over the long-term. I am not recommending that you invest in this ETF. I don’t know your circumstances and I’m not qualified to recommend financial investments to anyone. Do your own research and pick an ETF that will best help you meet your goals. If you do decide to get advice, go to a qualified financial advisor.

Buy and Hold Works!

As a non-expert financial person, my advice to nearly everyone is to adopt a buy and hold strategy because it works over the long-term.

When the pandemic was declared in March 2020, the stock market took a dive. And it wasn’t a sweet, gentle decrease either. It was a stomach-churning drop that saw me lose 1/3 of my portfolio’s value in the space of three weeks. At one point, I just stopped checking the value of my holdings. It was simply too painful!

Despite the drop and despite seeing years of growth wiped out in a matter of weeks, I continued to buy and hold. Every two weeks, a chuck of my paycheque went to my investment account. I stuck to my routine of buying units in my exchange-traded fund. In a world gone topsy-turvy due to a brand-new-to-humans virus, my investment schedule was the one constant that I could rely on.

Besides, I had learned my lesson from earlier market crashes. Back in 2011, the stock market crashed. I made a monumentally regrettable error when I stopped my contributions.

Wrong choices.

I was scared and naive, and I didn’t understand that the market crash was the very best time to be buying into the market. I wanted to wait for the market to recover a bit before adding new money to my portfolio. In reality, I should have been shovelling money into my investment account. Making hay while the sun rises and all that jazz.

Instead, I sat on cash in the bank for six months until I realized that I was being stupid. Who was I to know when the perfect time would be to re-start my contributions? I might be many things but a stock picking expert I was not!

So I picked a day and I just started investing again. And I haven’t stopped. As my income went up, I increased my bi-weekly contributions accordingly. A big chunk of each raise went to my investment account, while a little bit stayed in my pocket to increase my lifestyle. It’s the whole balancing act behind the principle of Save-Some-Spend-Some.

Instead of tying myself into knots trying to determine the very best time to invest my money, I simply invest my money every two weeks like clockwork.

COVID-19 didn’t matter

When the pandemic hit, and one third of my portfolio was obliterated in less than a month, I didn’t worry about my investment portfolio. I won’t say that I enjoyed seeing the daily decreases in my investment balances. What I will say is that I decided not to repeat the mistakes I made in 2011.

With age, comes wisdom… or so I’ve been told. In my case, there was truth to these words. Having missed an incredible investment opportunity 10 years prior, I vowed not to make the same mistake this time around. Even though the rollercoaster that is the stock market downward on one of its biggest descents, I continued to invest my money. I told myself that the losses would be short-lived and that my portfolio would recover.

My words proved prophetic. As anticipated, my portfolio has recovered quite nicely and I’m ahead of where I was just before COVID-19 became a permanent part of our world. I’m quite confident that the Care-And-Feeding-of-Blue-Lobster-Fund will be perfectly capable of replacing my income when the time comes that my employer and I part ways.

If nothing else, the pandemic has solidified my belief that buy and hold works. It’s a simple and straightforward strategy that works because you don’t have to tamper with it too much. The investor has two main hurdles. One, she has to open an account and start contributing. Two, she must continue to contribute while ignoring the talking heads, aka: financial experts who haven’t achieved notable wealth.

The investor doesn’t have to worry about timing the market. Buy and hold works because it puts the emphasis where it should be, on time in the market. It solves the problem of which stocks to buy. Purchasing units in a broad-based equity exchange traded fund means that the investor is buying into a diversified group of stocks. Stock picking is not involved. And that’s fantastic since analysis-paralysis is one of the biggest impediments to success in investing.

It makes sense, doesn’t it? If you happen to pick the wrong stock and lose money, then the odds are good that you won’t be overly eager to invest even more money into the stock market. You might even decide that you’ll never invest in the stock market again. To each their own… but that’s not a great response to having your butt kicked in the stock market.

My Next Steps…

The next move for me will be the same one I’ve been making for the past 10 years. When my paycheque hits my account, a big chunk of it will be automatically siphoned off and sent to my investment account. And on the appointed day, I will buy more units in my chosen investment vehicle. No muss, no fuss. There will be no worry about when to invest. And I won’t spend any of my precious, precious time on trying to find the next Tesla stock.

Instead, I will stick to what has worked in the past and what promises to work in the future. They say that there are no guarantees besides death and taxes. And they may very well be right. I’m going to propose that the buy and hold strategy ought to be viewed as guaranteed-adjacent.

Boost Your Income!

I’m going to take a leap of faith and assume that, if you’re reading this, then you also wish that you made more money. You work hard – you’ve got bills – there are things you want to do with your money. However, it seems like there’s never enough money to go around. You’ve applied for promotions but they always seem to go to someone else.

What if I were to tell you that there is a way to boost your income without a promotion?

It’s called investing your money!

Speaking from experience, I can tell you that I’ve applied for promotions and not gotten them. While being passed over was a bruise to my ego, those missed promotions were never a blow to my finances. And you know why? It’s because my investment account does the heavy lifting of increasing my income each and every year.

What?!?!!

Yes – it’s true. While it wasn’t a fast process, investing a portion of my disposable income every single month has been very beneficial for me. I’m not a particularly savvy investor, so I invested the lion’s share of my money into two exchange traded funds that focus on dividends – VDY and XDV. I also took advantage of the dividend re-investment plan – aka: DRIP – to ensure that all of the dividends I earned were automatically re-invested.

I used to earn a few dividends each month. Now, I earn a few thousand. Yes – you read that right. My decades-long habit of investing a portion of my paycheque each month continues to reward me handsomely. Diligent investing has resulted in a situation where my annual income goes up every year… without me ever having to rely on my boss for a promotion. I won’t lie to you – it’s a pretty sweet situation!

Now, go back to where I said that I’m not a particularly savvy investor. If I were as smart then as I am now (or atleast as smart as I think I am now), then I would’ve invested in equity-based exchange traded funds. As you may or may not know, the stock market was on a complete tear from 2009 to March of 2020. People who had invested in equities made buckets & buckets of money so long as they stayed invested. My dividend ETFs have been good to me, but equity-based ETFs would’ve been so much better!

There’s atleast one investor out there who has absolutely no qualms about sticking to dividends throughout his career. I can certainly understand why – he and his spouse now earn $360,000 in dividends each year. (Part 1 and Part 2 – thank you to Tawcan for sharing this interview with the world!)

Can you imagine? You’re busily going about the daily business of living and your portfolio is kicking off $30,000 in dividends per month! Even before his retirement, I’m sure this couple was making a solid six-figure income off their dividend portfolio every year. And I’m equally sure that they didn’t worry about whether they got the next promotion in the pipeline.

The Career Funnel

Most organizations with employees have what I like to call a career funnel. There’s many people at the lowest levels, but fewer and fewer position for people as you move up the organizational chart. Managers have a set number of people reporting to them – so it goes, all the way up to the top. Naturally, as an employee moves up the career funnel, it gets harder and harder to obtain a coveted promotion. While many may try, only a very few will succeed. This is the way of the hiring pyramid.

It would behoove you to not be too, too dependent on getting a promotion in order to live the life you want. I’m certainly not discouraging you from pursuing promotional opportunities! Of course not! What I am suggesting is that you work on a Plan B, while you’re building your career.

And that Plan B is to ensure that you’re investing some portion of your paycheque for your future. I’ll tell you the same thing I would tell 18-year old Blue Lobster if I could travel back in time. Invest no less than 15% of your net income into an equity-based exchange traded fund every single time that you are paid. Leave the money alone for 30 years and let it do its things. At the 30 year mark, start adding some bonds to your portfolio to temper the volatility.

Again, I’m no expert in the area of investing so do your own research. Save as much as you can – invest it in ETFs – leave it alone to grow – ignore the talking heads on the media. Equities are volatile, but they’ve always gone up over the long-term. They will boost your income if given enough time. If you can’t stay invested for the long-term, then you’ll have to find some other way to increase your annual income. Maybe that means killing yourself at work so that you improve your odds of getting that promotion.

The Unappreciated Benefit of Boosting Your Income Through Investing

First off, I want to say that I’m very fortunate to work with smart, pleasant people who are helpful and considerate. My team has each other’s back. We share knowledge and insights with each other. And when we disagree on issues, the discussions are respectful and all parties try to see the other perspective. My work is challenging and my colleagues all contribute to an extremely good working environment. If I ever have any regrets about retiring from my current position, they will be that I will no longer have as much contact with these people as I do now.

That said…

I’ve heard from many in my circle that their work environments are what can only be described as toxic. Some of my dear friends work with or for horrible human beings. They’ve tried to find other positions but haven’t yet found better working conditions that will pay similar amounts of money. Like many people who have no choice about staying in their job for the foreseeable future, they have to eat sh*t and they can’t really complain about it.

If you’re able to boost your income via your investment portfolio, then you can drastically cut back on the amount of crap that you have to take from colleagues and bosses. Think about it. If your investment account could churn off enough for you to meet your survival needs, then wouldn’t it be possible for you to supplement that with a lower-paying job?

And you wouldn’t have to keep that lower-paying job forever. I’m not suggesting that in the least! What I’m trying to say is that your investment account could help you preserve your mental health. You could avoid very bad things like depression and burnout. Your investment account gives you a path out of a toxic work environment, without trying to get a promotion. And once you find a job that doesn’t make you feel dead inside, then you can go back to living on your salary, re-instating your DRIP, and continuing to contribute to your investment account.

If you’ve been reading my blog for a while, then you know that I harp on diligent investing & saving, month-in-month-out. This is an ideal to which everyone should aspire. However, I’ve been alive long enough to know that very few are able to do this. There are some things in life that are more important than saving and investing. In my view, preserving and protecting your joie de vivre is one of those things.

Next Steps…

So if you have the disposable income to do so, start investing today.

And if you’re one of the ones who’s already started, then pat yourself on the back and keep going.

It will take some time, but your investment account will eventually allow you to wean yourself off the need to get promotions to maintain your lifestyle. By all means, continue to apply for those promotions if you wish. If you get them, great. A higher salary means you have that much more to invest. After all, whatever increase you see in your take-home pay should be properly allocated between today and tomorrow.

If you don’t get the promise, then you need not fret. You can still be content in the knowledge that your investments are building your income without any influence from your employer. Even without the promotion, you’re increasing the likelihood that, financially, you’ll still be just fine.

Start Today

When I started investing, I had no idea what I was doing. It’s true.

I was in my early 20s, and my local newspaper had a column about personal finance. I’m older than the internet, so I grew up reading newspapers. I’ll never forget a column about David Chilton’s book The Wealthy Barber. That book changed my life. I bought it, read it from cover to cover, and decided that I knew enough to start investing. So I promptly took myself to the bank and I opened my RRSP when I was 21 years old.

I had the right idea, but I certainly had more confidence than knowledge at that point. After opening my RRSP, I went on with the rest of my life. Every year, I dutifully contributed to my RRSP… which my parents’ accountant told me wasn’t particularly smart since I was a student and my tax rate was super-low. However, he did tell me that I could eventually take advantage of the the RRSP Home Buyer’s Plan so I kept investing. I didn’t know what I didn’t know, so I didn’t ask the right questions in my 20s.

I got a little bit smarter in my late 20s. By then, I knew enough to stop buying GICs. Rates were no longer super high as central banks got a hold of inflation. And there’d been some chatter in the system about something called mutual funds. Great! That was where I’d put my money. So I did. I opened an investing account at one of the Big Banks and dutifully contributed money into it from every paycheque. I even met with the same banking officer each time, thinking that I was “building a relationship” with a financial advisor. After our third meeting, she told me that I didn’t have to personally make deposits with her each time.

Message received! Obviously, I was wasting that bank’s time so I opened an account at Phillips, Hager & North, now known as PHN. They helped me arrange for an automatic transfer of funds that coincided with my paycheque. I picked a few funds and barely thought about my investments unless I received a statement in the mail. I loved PHN! And would have little hesitation in going back to them if I had to leave my current brokerage.

The only reason I moved is because, sometime in my early 30s, I learned about exchanged traded funds and how they have way cheaper management expense ratios. The MERs at Vanguard Canada were much lower than the MERs I was paying on my mutual funds at PHN… so I moved my money again. Similar investment products for a lower price made more sense to me. Why pay more if I didn’t have to?

By the time I’d hit my mid-30s, my house’s mortgage was paid off and I’d heard of something called the FIRE movement. There were tales of people who pursued something called Finance Independence, Retire Early. It was an idea that spoke to my heart. Several years of working had disabused me of the belief that everyone grows up and is lucky enough to work at careers they love. Early retirement sounded like a brilliant idea!

Some how, some way, I stumbled across Mr. Money Mustache and I fell into a deep, multi-year dive into the world of personal finance blogs. It was intoxicating! So many people who had transformed their dreams into reality. Some of them were a decade or more younger than me, but so what? They had the knowledge that I wanted to have so I absorbed as much of their message as I could.

And I learned so very much! My perspective changed from wanting early retirement to wanting financial independence. In my mind, being financially independent is necessary. Being FI is a way to control your time, your autonomy over your life. It gives you the power to say “No!” to whatever it is that you don’t want in your life – atleast the things that can be controlled with money. Early retirement is still something I want, but it’s an option that becomes available to me (and to anyone else) as a result of financial independence. So many of the bloggers I followed used their FI-status to start working at things that they loved. They still made money, but they did so via endeavours that meant something to them. Unlike working for a boss, they were no longer fulfilling someone else’s dream but were busily and happily fulfilling their own.

Eventually, my self-tutelage led me to the sad realization that my dutiful bi-weekly investment contributions were going into the wrong type of investment. I love dividends! Passive income makes me dreamy. So a steady 4-figure monthly cashflow seemed like a marvelous thing…until I realized that I hadn’t taken proper advantage of the bull-run that existed between 2009 and March 2020. I would have seen much higher returns if my money had been going into equity ETFs instead of dividend ETFs! Had I been investing “properly”, I could have retired by now.

(Big sigh goes here.) There’s no sense crying over spilled milk. Once I realized the error of my ways, I corrected my path. All new contributions are going into equity investments. The longevity charts tell me that I have another 40-50 years***, so I still have a fairly long investment horizon. My course correction cannot change the past, but it can certainly prevent me from continuing what I perceive to be a big mistake.

Why am I telling you all of this?

Simply because I want you to start where you are and build from there. Would it have been better to have started 20 years ago? Sure, but you didn’t so stop dwelling on it. You have today so start today. The information is out there. And, no, you won’t understand all of it at first. So what? No one understands all of anything at first. Have you ever watched a baby learning to walk. Poor little buggers can’t figure out that they can’t move both legs at the same time. The slightest twitch of their heads means they topple over. And the first few steps are always quite wobbly. You know what happens? They always figure it out.

It’s the same with money. Start with setting aside some of your money in a savings account. Then move it to an investment account. Pick a product that has a low MER and invest in it for the long term. Don’t be afraid of the stock market’s daily volatility. You’re investing for years, and the market has always gone up over the long term. Keep learning about investing. Tweak your investing strategy if you have to, but try to keep those tweaks to a minimum. Save – invest – learn – repeat. Start today.

*** Never forget that you need your money to work hard for you, even after you retire. Don’t believe that you can stop investing in equities just because your old age security payments have started hitting your checking account.

MER – Cheaper is Better

The management expense ratio (MER) is the percentage of your portfolio that you pay to the company that sells you the index fund, exchange traded fund (ETF) or mutual fund that you hold in your portfolio. The fees for these products must be disclosed to potential buyers. Thanks to the wonder that is the internet, you can easily do an online search of any mutual fund, index fund or ETF and find its MER.

Generally speaking, mutual funds are more expensive than both index funds and ETFs. I’m not entirely sure why other than to say that mutual funds are actively managed. This means that there are a whole lot of people who are researching and analyzing data before doing a whole bunch of buying and selling of various stocks for inclusion in the mutual fund. All of those people need to be paid. There’s a lot of overhead that must be covered by fees from clients in order to ensure that all of that activity is performed.

In sharp contrast, index funds and ETFs are passive investments. They simply buy into the top companies that meet their investment objective and then it’s done.

You’ll have to do your own research before you in invest. You can also speak to a fee-only certified financial planner. However, my general advice to most people is the following. If you have the choice of buying a mutual fund or an index fund/ETF, go for the lower cost product so long as you can still achieve your investment goals. It will be cheaper for you in the long run and you’ll wind up with more money in your kitty.

Take a look at the following MER calculator. It allows you to do a side-by-side comparison of the impact of paying a higher MER on your portfolio. You can control so many variables: your investment horizon, the MER, your starting balance, the assumed rate of return, and your contribution amount.

See for yourself…

Start with an investment of $1000 in both Fund A and Fund B. Assume that they are both identical and both of them will help you achieve your long-term financial goals. Commit to contributing $50 per week into your portfolio, which is $2600 per year.

Enter an annual average return of 7% for both funds. And assume that you’re going to be investing this money for 30 years. The average life expectancy is roughly 80 years for humans. Believe me when I tell you that 30 years is not an unreasonably long investment horizon.

Here’s where the steak starts to sizzle. Fund A is a mutual fund charging a measly 1.5% per year. In other words, Fund A skims off 1.5% of the value of whatever’s in your portfolio. Fund B is an index fund, or an ETF, which is charging a minuscule 0.05%. Go ahead – plug those numbers into the formula.

Now, hit the calculate button. What do you see?

Fund A – with the higher MER – is going to cost you $37,330.78 in fees. On the other hand, Fund B – with the much lower MER – is going to cost you $1,244.36.

That’s a difference of $36,086.42 in fees. This is money that is not staying in your investment portfolio since it’s being paid to someone else. Why would you want to pay this amount if you didn’t have to?

Play with this calculator – change the variables – see the impact of higher MERs over a longer period of time. I think you’ll agree with me that when it comes to paying for investment products, the MER matters – cheaper is better.

Hold up, hold up, hold up!

Blue Lobster, are there really investment products that pay 0.05% in MER?

Yes, Gentle Reader, there are. At the time of this post, the website for VanguardCanada is showing two equity products – VCN and VCE – with MERs of 0.05%.

*** To be clear, I am not being paid by Vanguard Canada for mentioning these investment products. I do own units in VCN.

All else being equal, cheaper is better. For simple comparison, the Big Six banks in Canada sell mutual funds that are equivalent to VCN and VCE. At the time of this post, the MERs on their products are much higher than 0.05%.

I have to amend my earlier statement. At the time of this post, the links for CIBC and HSBC do not disclose the MERs for their equity products. To find the MERs for their products, you will have to do a bit more hunting-and-clicking but you’ll get there. The other 4 banks disclose this information on their website with one-click. This tells me that atleast 4 of the 6 big banks are willing to ensure that their customers can easily find the right information to make an informed choice.

Now you know better.

Paying a higher MER means less money in your pocket at the end of the day.

As a general rule, cheaper is better when it comes to assessing the MER of equivalent investment products. I want to be clear that you shouldn’t base your entire investment decision on the MER. It is a significant factor, but it’s not the only one.

You still have to determine your investment horizon. Is this money for a short-term goal or a long-term goal? If long-term, MER should be given more weight in your decision-making.

Are you comparing equivalent products? An index fund that invests in short-term bonds should not be compared to a mutual fund that specializes in gold and diamonds. The risk profiles of the two products are vastly different. It is reasonable that they would have different MERs so this factor should be given less weight at decision-time.

It is a serious money mistake to pay a higher MER. If you want to really blow your mind, go back and change your starting balance to $10,000 and your annual contribution to $5,200. The disparity in MER cost grows to $83,130.29! And if you extend your investment horizon out to 50 years, then you’re saving yourself $442,979.28! Wouldn’t you rather have that extra money in your portfolio in 30 years? I know I would!

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Weekly Tip: Track all your expenses so you know where you spend every dollar. Despite my constant admonitions to save-and-invest, I know that most people enjoy spending money. However, I want you to be 100% confident that you’re spending your money on things that make your life better. Tracking your expenses is one way to do this. If you see that you’re spending money on things that don’t bring your joy or that make your life worse, stop buying those things. Easy peasy – lemon squeezy!

Taking it Day By Day

It’s been 4.5 months since the World Health Organization declared that the globe was in the grips of a pandemic. Since then, there has been much upheaval in people’s lives due in no small part to the financial impacts of lost jobs, the inability to travel, and social isolation. What are we supposed to do when going outside means taking the risk that we’ll contract a disease about which so much is still unknown?

We have to take things day by day.

By nature, I’m a planner. For example, I enjoy planning my travel. It’s fun to peruse all the websites, read up on the various sites, figure out where I want to go. In 2018, I went to Ireland for the first time. I crossed an item off my Bucket List – booking my time off then looking for a good travel deal. My biggest regret about that trip was that it was somewhat last-minute, in that I booked it only 6 weeks before getting on a plane. In the deep recesses of my travel-planner heart, I hadn’t given myself enough anticipation-time. Six weeks wasn’t enough time to dream about my upcoming trip and to imagine all the cool things I’d be seeing & doing.

Of course, in hindsight, I should have taken more time off and visited Northern Ireland and Scotland while I was over there. Who knew that a global pandemic would crush the airline & travel industries?

COVID-19 has changed things…

Today, I’m not doing as much travel planning. As you can well imagine, it’s difficult to get excited about flying anywhere when my personal view is that airplanes are the petri dishes of the sky. Similarly, long road trips are in the not-just-yet category since I’m not keen on staying in a hotel or going to restaurants.

Right now, I’m taking things day by day. My natural urge to plan has been channeled into cooking and baking. I’m already at home. My kitchen is right there. I have the ingredients and the tools to cook and bake delicious things for myself. Meal-planning is finally receiving the attention that it’s due. Trips to the grocery store are less frequent, but I do buy a lot more when I go. Once home, I start figuring out what to eat right away and how to meal-prep for the upcoming week.

As for investing, I have no choice but to take things day by day. The last time there was a big drop in the stock market was in 2008-2009. I made a huge mistake by stopping my contributions to my investment account!!! Thankfully, I was smart enough not to sell anything but I wasn’t smart enough to keep investing on the way down.

To date, the highest point of the Toronto Stock Exchange was reached on February 21, 2020. Then the market plunged, and kept plunging until March 23, 2020. The TSX has been slowly re-gaining ground since then. (Man oh man was I glad that I didn’t have access to cable TV during this time. I would’ve been a basket case listening to all the “experts” talking about investing.)

Sticking to the Plan

This time around, I stuck to my saving and investing plan. I ignored the headlines. I trusted the example set by history that the stock market will recover. No one knows precisely how, nor can anyone guarantee when the recovery will happen. This time, I decided to take things day by day and to continue to save & invest for my future.

I had a few things going for me. Firstly, I’m still fortunate enough to have my job. There are millions of people who aren’t in the same boat so they’ve had to decide whether to eat today or eat tomorrow. Secondly, I was already debt-free before the pandemic hit. I don’t have to worry about creditors or missing my mortgage payments. My financial foundation is firm. Thirdly, I don’t have cable so I missed a great many of the interviews with the people who predicted that “this time would be different.” I didn’t hear the stories from people who believe that the market could not possibly recover from COVID19.

Finally, I’m older and wiser today than I was in 2008-2009. I’ve learned from my mistakes. Had I continued to invest back then, I’d be so much closer to my retirement goals. My inexperience and fear caused me to sit on the sidelines while the market recovered. In other words, I wasn’t investing when the stock market was on sale. When I finally did re-start my investment program, I’d promised myself that I would continue to invest during the next downturn.

So when COVID19 came long and took a great big bite out of the stock market, I kept my promise. Money earned – money saved – money invested – repeat!

My portfolio still hasn’t recovered completely but I’m much farther along than I would have been had I stopped investing. I’ve been able to my more units in my dividend exchange traded funds. As a results, my monthly dividend payment has gone up considerably. This is a very good thing. I was fortunate enough to be able to make a contribution to my Registered Retirement Savings Plan. As per the advice of an independent financial planner, I invested those funds into a global equity ETF. Boom! I firmly believe that my choice to follow his advise will add a nice little kick to my RRSP in the coming years.

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Weekly Tip: Allocate your money in a way that allows you to invest in the stock market for atleast 15 years. Use broad-based ETFs to invest your money in equities. ETFs move in the same direction as the stock market. They simultaneously eliminate the risks of trying to cherry pick the next Apple/Tesla/Facebook stock. If you absolutely cannot stop yourself from stock picking, then please limit this hobby to only 5% of the equity portion of your portfolio. The other 95% of your equity investments should be allowed to chug along in a broad-based ETF for a long period of time.

Experience is a Great Teacher

How are you doing today? I hope that you’re ignoring the gyrations of the stock market and going about your business of self-isolating, washing your hands, and self-distancing. They might not be the most exciting activities, but they will flatten the curve and help to avoid overburdening our hospitals.

As I approach my golden years, I’ve come to accept the maxim that experience is a great teacher. Additionally, I’ve also realized that I can learn from other people’s experience as well as my own. I need not make every single mistake myself. Watching others’ mistakes can be just as instructional.

Today, I’d like to share one of my investing mistakes so that you don’t have to make it yourself.

Back in 2008, the stock market tanked. I remember hearing about the demise of Bear Stearns, and I was shocked. I don’t recall why it was so upsetting since I wasn’t a hedge fund manager at the time, nor was I an economist or any other kind of expert. All I know was that Bear Stearns was a major investing bank and that it’s demise meant that something very bad was happening in the stock market.

So what did I do? I made the second worst mistake available to me. I stopped investing while the stock market plunged.

I’ve made no secret of the fact that I’m a buy-and-hold investor. My investment plan is simple. First, save money from each paycheque. Second, transfer those savings to my investment account. Third, buy units in my chosen exchange-traded funds. Fourth, rely on the dividend re-investment plan to invest the dividends. Fifth, go back to the first step.

I’ve designed the plan to take advantage of dollar-cost averaging. Each month, I invest in my ETFs regardless of the unit price. I completely avoid trying to time the market. “Is this a good time to buy?” is a question that I never ask myself. When I have the money, I buy into my ETF – easy peasy lemon squeasy. This method of investing is know as dollar-cost averaging. I first learned about it in The Wealthy Barber, a great book authored by David Chilton.

Back in 2008, I was not as smart as I am now. Twelve years ago, I freaked out and I STOPPED INVESTING!!!

This was a huge mistake! I should have continued to dollar-cost average into the market during the six months between the demise of Bear Sterns and the recovery which started in March of 2009. I would have been buying during the downturn.

Buying during the downturn is a fancy way of saying that I would have been buying when the stock market was on sale.

It’s good to buy things when they’re on sale. If you want a new pair of shoes, aren’t you happier making the purchase when they’re priced at 35% off? I have a feeling that if you had a choice of buying the identical pair of shoes for $100 or for $65, you’d opt to buy them for $65.

The stock market is no different. On February 22, 2020, the value of the stock market plunged. In other words, it went on sale. The Talking Heads of the media could barely keep from peeing their pants with glee! They had so much to talk about, so much fear to stoke in their viewers and readers. Buy this! Don’t buy that! It’ll be a V-shaped recovery! No recovery for 2 years! Avoid cucumbers!

Okay … maybe they didn’t say anything about cucumbers. But the rest of the statements aren’t too far from the truth.

Once again, experience is a great teacher. I’d already made the mistake of listening to the Talking Heads in 2008-2009. As a result, I did not take advantage of the cheaper prices on the stock market that were available at the time. As the recovery wore on, the stock prices didn’t fall but I did start contributing to my portfolio again. However, I could not overcome the error of not buying stocks when they were super-cheap. My failure to make the right choice 12 years ago means I’ll be working a little bit longer than I’d projected.

I see no sense in making the same mistake this time. So while I’m self-isolating, while I’m washing my hands, while I’m social distancing, I am also continuing to invest in my chosen ETFs. Yes, you read that right. I’m still investing even through this period of excess volatility.

Did the value of my portfolio plunge in February of 2020? You bet your sweet ass it did! And did the value continue to drop throughout March as the stock market roiled due to the COVID19? Again, that’s a big 10-4!

It’s been just 5 weeks since the plunge. My portfolio is recovering, just like the stock market is.

The Talking Heads won’t ever encourage others to follow my simple plan. Despite its effectiveness, my way of doing things is boring and boring isn’t good for ratings.

You see, the stock market is supposed to go up and down. It always has. It always will. Never in its history has the stock market only ever gone up, just like it has never only ever gone down. If you’re going to invest, then do so consistently and automatically. Do your research. Find a broad-based equity exchange-traded fund (or mutual fund if you insist on paying higher management expense ratios). Invest on a regular basis. Ignore the Talking Heads. They can’t tell the future any better than you can.

And in case you were wondering, the biggest mistake you can make right now is to sell your stock market portfolio. For the love all that you deem holy, do not sell! Right now, the prices are low and that’s why you should be buying them.

Like I’ve said, experience is a great teacher. You can learn from mine instead of making the mistakes yourself. Don’t stop investing right now. Stick to your investing schedule and build your portfolio while the stock market is on sale. The second biggest mistake you can make is to halt your investment contributions.

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Weekly Tip: Pay cash for your next car by making a monthly car payment to yourself for as long as possible before you head to the dealership. The payments to yourself will be the down payment, if you’re forced to finance your vehicle. Ideally, you’ll stay out of debt completely because your accumulated savings will be sufficient just pay for your next vehicle with cash.

Building an Army of Little Money Soldiers

One of my life’s goals is to build a nice, solid flow of passive income without getting a second job. The way I decided to do this was by building an investment portfolio using a dividend-paying exchange traded fund (ETF). I think of the individual units in my ETF as Little Money Soldiers whose sole purpose is to acquire more and more dividends for me every month. The dividend income that I earn can be used any way I want, and right now I want it to fund my dream of financial independence.  Every single month, I add to my army of Little Money Soldiers by buying more units in my ETF and I send them out into the world to do their thing – they do it well. I don’t have to do anything beyond sticking to the plan of contributing to my portfolio regularly and watching my dividends grow. My Little Money Soldiers do the rest.

As a Singleton, my paycheque is the primary source of income in my household. Years ago, I’d heard about how smart couples of means would live on one income and bank the other. Ideally, the really well-off couples would bank the higher income and live off the smaller one. I envied such couples! The reality was that I was not in a position to live on 50% of my take-home pay. I wasn’t willing to live that close to the bone because I wanted to be able to socialize with my friends each month and do some travelling. When I learned about dividend income and started doing some blue-sky dreaming about how dividends could be used to supplement my income, I couldn’t buy them fast enough!

Dividends are a second income in my otherwise single-income household. Unlike married people in a single-income household, I don’t have a partner who can go out and earn some money if my main income source dries up. My monthly dividend income is financially akin to having a partner with a part-time job. If I were to lose my paycheque, my dividends could help me survive from one month to the next. Obviously, I would lose the benefit of the dividend re-investment plan (DRIP) because I would need the dividends to pay for my absolute necessities while I looked for employment. As a single person, the dividend income created by my Little Money Soldiers provides a certain level of psychological comfort because I know that, should I lose my current job, I will continue to have income until I find new employment and start getting a paycheque again.

Right now, my investment portfolio produces a part-time income. If I continue to invest on a regular basis and if I refrain from spending my dividends rather than re-investing them, then my investment portfolio will eventually produce a second full-time income for my household. I will have the financial benefits of an imaginary spouse/partner without the real-life drawbacks that come with sharing money with a sentient human. And unlike other side hustles that are regularly touted on the Internet, my army of Little Money Soldiers goes out to work on my behalf thereby allowing me to indulge my inclination towards laziness. I don’t have to do anything outside of my comfortable routine in order to earn this money. It’s all mine – it’s tax-advantaged – it’s automatic – it’s wonderful!

For the past 7 years, I have consistently been investing in dividend-producing assets. I’ve reached a point where I consistently receive a 4-figure dividend payment every month. And since I don’t spend the money, it is automatically re-invested on my behalf. (Check out this awesome article for a primer on how DRIPs are the next best thing since sliced bread: My dividend employee Steve.)

I was very lucky that my parents were interested in the stock market. Both of them invested on a regular basis so I knew that there was a way to make money without actually having to go to work. Of course, my six-year old brain didn’t quite grasp all the intricacies of what each call from my mother’s broker meant but he phoned on a regular basis. (As an adult, I’m quite convinced that he merely churned her account to generate fees instead of acting in her best interests to make money. Nowadays, my mother invests on her own through her self-directed brokerage account and she’s doing quite well!)

My father’s style of investing was much different. He introduced me to the concept of dividends, and bought me several shares in companies that are still around today. When I was in my early 20s, I opened my own self-directed brokerage account and used my initial principal to buy shares in the various Big Banks. Again, betraying my youth and lack of knowledge, my only criteria for which bank stocks to buy was whether the bank participated in a DRIP. If the answer was yes, I bought $1,000 worth of stock in the bank. To this day, those banks still pay me dividends every quarter. I freely admit that this wasn’t the smartest way to pick my investments, but I could’ve done a whole lot worse! Every one of those banks is still around and the stock price has grown over time. Buying those bank stocks was one of the best financial decisions that I’ve ever made, even if the reason underlying the decision was not well-founded.

As we all know, time waits for no one. I learned more and more about investing by reading books, internet articles & personal finance blogs. They were all consistent that the way to earn outsized returns was to be invested in the stock market. I had little interest in becoming a expert in the stock market but I appreciated that the best historical returns went to those who had equity investments. Buying stocks in companies that paid dividends meant I was investing in equity. Dividend payments were a passive way for me to earn money and to participate in the stock market – to me, it was the best of both worlds! I started contributing more regularly to mutual funds which paid me dividends, then I learned about ETFs and index funds and a light went off in my brain. Why should I willingly pay higher management expense ratios (MER) for my mutual funds when I could buy the same basket of assets through an ETF or an index fund for a fraction of the price?

So, after paying off my mortgage at 34 and becoming debt-free, I turned my focus to building my non-registered investment portfolio. I promptly found an index fund that paid out dividends every single month so it was time to say bye-bye to my mutual funds. I was still investing in dividend-paying assets but I would be paying a lower MER to do so. My new index fund would simply pull the money from my chequing account and the investment would be made. Making the switch was a no-brainer! I set up an automatic contribution from my paycheque to my index fund. My first index fund offered a DRIP feature and I was not responsible for re-investing those dividends into new units of the index fund every month. The dividends were DRIP-ped, i.e. automatically re-invested into more units of my index fund, rather than paid out to me in cash. It was fantastic!

Two years ago, Vanguard came to Canada and I started doing some investigating. Vanguard has very low MERs on their products. One of those products was an ETF that paid out dividends every single month, offered a DRIP feature, and had an MER that was much lower than the one on my index fund. This was a hat trick! I could get all the benefits of my previous index fund portfolio while saving money on the MER and accruing even more units of the ETF every single month. Sadly, Vanguard will not simply withdraw the money from my chequing account – I have to transfer money to my brokerage account. Big deal! For $9.95 a month, I’m paying a much lower MER and earning sufficient dividends which more than cover the cost of the monthly purchase. I spent 15 minutes opening my online account. Then I spent another 3 minutes setting up an automatic bi-weekly transfer from my paycheque to my brokerage account to fund each month’s purchase. I haven’t looked back. Every month, I buy more units in my Vanguard ETF after the last month’s dividend payment has been automatically re-invested.

Earning money through dividends is awesome. I don’t have to do anything other than purchase the underlying asset and the dividends flow to me every month like clockwork. In the words of my very wise hairdresser, it’s money that I don’t have to sweat for. What could be better than that?