Financial Independence - Millionaire on the Prairie

Money Mistake – Not Buying Equities

I think I’ve made a money mistake.

According to the personal finance blogs that I follow, the stock market has been on a bull-run since 2009. A “bullish” stock market is one where the stock market is rising. A “bearish” stock market is one where the stock market is falling.

Since 2011, I’ve been busily building my army of little money soldiers and I’ve been rewarded with nice, plump dividend payments every month. I don’t use those dividends for living expenses – instead, they’re automatically re-invested into buying more dividend-producing assets. I’m proud to say that I’ve created a lovely cash-flowing side income for myself that will supplement my other retirement income when the time comes.

After hearing about pension failures and the impacts on retirees, I wanted a source of cash that would allow me to survive during retirement if my monthly pension payment happened to be cut or eliminated. I’m a Singleton. This means that I can’t depend on someone else’s salary or expect that anyone else will take care of me. Creating a portfolio that pays me dividends every single month eases my worries about how to survive if my pension disappears.

That said, if I had invested that same money into the stock market over the same time period, my net worth would be a lot higher. I would be that much closer to early retirement!!! I hate to admit it but I’m realizing that choosing not to buy equities since 2009 was a very big money mistake.

Choosing dividends over straight equity investments was very definitely not the right move to make in 2011. According to the good folks on the Internet, the stock market returns have been higher than the returns on my dividend portfolio. In my defence, I wasn’t as knowledgeable as I am now. I succumbed to one of my many flaws – I’m stubborn. I was utterly convinced that my path was the absolute right one for my circumstances.

So now it’s time to fix this money mistake.

My new plan is to invest in an exchange-traded fund that invests in the global market place. This is an equity ETF and I plan to hold it for a very long time. I do believe that over the long-term, the stock market rises.

One of the wisest things I’ve ever read on the internet was an article that stated that one shouldn’t invest believing that age 65 is a portfolio’s end date. It persuasively argued that one’s investment horizon ends at death, not at retirement. People are living into their 80s and 90s, which means that a 40-year old still has a 40+ year timespan over which to watch their money grow. That bit of wisdom shook me up. I’ll need the growth from my equity investment to power my portfolio until the end of my life, not just until the end of my career.

I’ve also decided not to divest myself of my dividend-producing assets. They’ll continue to grow over the next few decades. I’ve accepted that their growth will be slower since I won’t be adding new money to that part of my portfolio. Once my equity holdings make up 40% of my investment portfolio, then I’ll start to consider re-directing new cash into buying more units in my dividend ETFs.

So my portfolio will continue to churn out dividends, and my new money will go towards buying units in my global equity-focused ETF.

What about the recession that’s coming?

Yes – I’ll admit that the Talking Heads of the Media have been nattering quite a bit about the upcoming recession. It caused me concern for about 3 minutes, then I chose to ignore them. I won’t allow their incessant chinwag to dissuade me from my chosen path.

First, no one has been able to tell me when the recession will start, how long it will last, nor how bad it will be. There’s nothing I can do about the recession.

Second, there will be a recovery from the upcoming recession. There is always a recovery from a recession. I have no reason to think this time will be any different. Much like the recession itself, the recovery’s details are a mystery. No one knows when the recovery will start, how long it will last, and how good it will be.

Third, recessions are a natural part of the economic cycle. Stock markets do not rise forever. They go up and they go down. It’s normal and natural. The best bet is to ignore the hysteria from the Talking Heads, to invest early & often, and to go about the daily business of life.

Fourth, I plan to be in the stock market for the long-term. I’m not timing the stock market. I’m starting to put time into the stock market. The only way for me to have time in the market is to start buying now. I’m going to follow the advice of J.L. Collins, who wrote The Simple Path to Wealth, by buying into an equity product and letting the stock market do its thing for a very long time.

I’m never going to make the perfect investment choices all of the time. However, what I am going to do is continue to learn and think about how best to achieve my money goals. And when I find that I’m making a money mistake, I’m going to stop making it.

When you know better, you do better.

All Hail the Octopus!

This week, I had the pleasure of reading a fantastic article about saving for financial independence and early retirement that was written by Mr. Tako of www.mrtakoescapes.com***. In this magnificent article, Mr. Tako discusses his surprise that anyone would view his choices as “hardcore” on his pursuit to financial freedom. By following his own plan, Mr. Tako was able to retire on his own terms. What some may view as hardcore, others may view as tweaks. It’s all in the eye of the beholder!

While I loved his article, my take-away was slightly different. I was simply happy to know that every small step makes a difference. Sometimes, it feels like saving and investing is a treadmill that’s going nowhere. The destination is so far away, and why can’t I just win the lottery and be done with it already?!?!?! However, articles like Mr. Tako’s remind me that there is an endpoint and that every little step I take gets me closer and closer to it.

Unlike Mr. Tako, I haven’t had many bad jobs nor many bad bosses. For the most part, my career has a many great attributes. I work with very smart people. My work is mentally challenging. I have autonomy over how my tasks get accomplished. I have a nice office filled with natural light. My office plant is big and beautiful, healthy and happy. I’m even happy with my salary since, without debt, my paycheque is more than sufficient to meet my needs.

Still…

At the end of the day, I want to retire and the sooner, the better. When I’m not at work, I’m much, much happier. It’s as simple as that. I have a great circle of friends – I love my family – I’m a bit of a homebody when I’m not travelling. Working gets in the way of that, despite all of the really great facets of my job. When I work, I’m on someone else’s schedule. I’m doing things that mean little or nothing to me. I’m attending meetings that have little palpable purpose. Despite all of the good things that I listed earlier, working means that I have to sell my time to someone else in order to survive financially. If I can find a way to retire early, then I get my time back.

Much like Mr. Tako, I’ve taken steps over the years to find ways to save on daily costs so that I can retire sooner.

At this point, I’d like to fully acknowledge that there is no one plan that will work for every single person. Each of us has to figure out what we’re willing to do in order to achieve the financial freedom that we want for ourselves.

The first big step in the right direction was my decision to take transit. I gave up the daily drive to work way back in 2001. I’m not a huge environmentalist, nor am I troubled by rush-hour traffic. The commute is the same whether I’m behind the wheel or a passenger on the bus. No – my main reason for choosing transit was so I could save on my commuting costs in order to invest money for early retirement. I’m fortunate to live in a location that has excellent transit service for commuters. For nearly two decades, I’ve driven to the park-n-ride, shown my bus-driver my pass, and have happily ridden in safety back and forth to work.

This one small decision 18 years ago has saved me thousands of dollars because I don’t pay hundreds of dollars each month for parking. I fill my tank every 10-12 days. My insurance premiums are lower, and the wear-and-tear on my car is less that it would’ve been with a daily round-trip drive to work.

The second step in my march to financial freedom arose due to a health concern. A sensitivity to caffeine required me to cut down on coffee during my work breaks. Many years back, I went to my doctor and complained of a racing heart. She asked how much coffee I drank. I told her that I had coffee with breakfast, at my mid-morning break, and during my afternoon break. She told me to cut back to one coffee a day and see how I felt. My doctor’s a miracle worker! Within a week, my heart had stopped racing. The upshot was that I was also saving money to be re-directed to my retirement.

Step #3… In 2016, I took the big plunge and cancelled my cable subscription. Again, this wasn’t a strictly financial decision. It wasn’t a money decision at all! I simply got tired of paying for garbage, so I decided to stop. But whatever would I do with the additional money each month that wasn’t going to the cable company? You guessed it – I funnelled the extra money into my investments!

Finally, in 2018, I made another commitment to myself which has positive financial results. I decided to start taking my lunch to work more often than not. Again, it wasn’t really a money decision. Fast food and restaurant food doesn’t taste as good to me as my own cooking. It suddenly struck me one day that I was paying for food that I didn’t enjoy. Taking my lunch to work earns me a double-whammy: good food to eat and more money saved for financial independence.

Like Mr. Tako says in his article, these small steps don’t feel extreme. They feel normal. I didn’t try to do everything all at once. Knowing myself as I do, that’s a challenge that I would have failed. Instead, I added these changes gradually until I reached my satisfaction point.

How about you? What steps have you taken in pursuit of funding your own dreams?

(***Update 2024 – sadly, this website is no longer available.)

A Simple Truth

“You can’t become financially independent with someone else’s money.” – Farnoosh Torabi of the So Money Podcast

The frankness of this statement amazed me.

While being interviewed by Jamila Souffrant at Journey to Launch, Ms. Torabi spoke of the need for women to control their own money. She posited that a woman without her own money could not truly be independent of someone else for her financial security.

I’ve been thinking about this idea for a while now, and I believe it wholeheartedly. A woman without her own money will always be dependent on someone else for her financial security – a parent, a spouse, the state. It’s not a great way to live, yet for millions of us it is a reality that we accept as easily as we accept that the sun rises in the east every morning.

Women who control their own money aren’t as rare as they once were but they’re not as common as they should be either. One of my friends was married to a very good-looking man who decided to stray. She decided that she wouldn’t tolerate that particular decision and they divorced. One of the reasons why she could make that decision was because she holds a professional degree. Her education allowed her to secure her own financial future – she could pay the mortgage, the nanny, the divorce lawyer, and all the costs associated with being a single mother raising babies. From a financial perspective, my friend was very okay because she was and continues to be financially independent. She doesn’t have to depend on anyone else’s money to live the life she wants to live.

Full disclosure – I’m a Singleton. While I hear about the debate between married people who share all of their money and the married people who keep things separate, it’s an academic discussion to me. I’ve never had to seriously consider whether I would share my money with another person.

Additional disclosure – the idea of sharing my money makes my stomach turn. And when I’ve considered why I’m so against the idea of co-mingling my money, it’s because I view that decision as increasing my risk instead of increasing my security. If I were a Singleton living paycheque-to-paycheque, or living in debt, then the idea of sharing another person’s wealth might be quite attractive. Similarly, if I could be certain that a partner’s views of money were compatible with my own and that he had also built up a nice-sized war chest while a Singleton, then the concept of a joint bank account wouldn’t cause so much anxiety for me.

Even without hearing it articulated, I’ve always known that having control of my money has meant that I retained the power to make independent choices about how to live my life. Since leaving my parents’ home, I’ve never had to ask for permission to spend a single dollar. I’ve never had to discuss a purchase with another person because the money was mine. I’ve never had to compromise with anyone about how to invest my money.

You see, I’ve always understood that having control of my money meant having more control over my future financial well-being. Even if I was married to the kindest, gentlest, most wonderful human being on the planet who took care of my every financial need, there’s no guarantee from anyone or anything that my Wonderful Human would be there forever. People die – people leave – people get kidnapped – people get sick – employment disappears – businesses fail – etc, etc, etc… If any of those things were to happen to my Wonderful Human, I would not want to be in a position where I had to worry about money while also dealing with the emotional grief that would inevitably accompany that loss.

By the same token, I always knew that I didn’t want to be forced to stay in a relationship just because of money. I didn’t want to be financially dependent on someone who was abusive to me, or who didn’t treat me kindly. I wanted to have the ability to walk away from any relationship that didn’t work anymore, or that wasn’t giving me what I needed. I never wanted to be financially dependent on anyone else because that would mean that they controlled my financial future. If they had the power to make the financial decisions for my life, then I would forever have to wonder when, or if, they would take away their financial largesse and give it to someone else.

I accept that there are no guarantees in life. However, I also accept that women can take steps with their money to build a solid financial foundation for themselves and that they should not look to others for financial security. Having money of her own means that a woman can make choices for her own best interests without worrying about how to accommodate the wishes of someone else. A woman with money can leave a bad situation, a bad job, a bad relationship without worrying how to feed, shelter, clothe herself. Money gives women the option to finance the basic necessities that they need without requiring them to depend on anyone else.

Ms. Torabi is right – you cannot become financially independent if you’re relying on someone else’s money.

Coasting to Financial Independence

How many of you have heard of coasting to financial independence once you’ve hit a pre-determined target for your investment portfolio?

It’s a concept known as Coast FI. I first learned about it in a post from Military Dollar. Essentially, Coast FI means that you can stop contributing money toward your goal of financial independence once you’ve accumulated a certain amount of money in your investment portfolio, i.e. your Coast FI amount. Your Coast FI amount will increase via compounding returns until it’s the amount of money needed to sustain your life’s expenses without you having to earn an income. Once you’ve obtained the prescribed amount of money, then you need not ever add another penny to your investment portfolio because compounding will do the work of growing it to the right amount of money to cover for your future spending needs. Keep in mind that if your spending needs increase, then your required Coast FI amount will also increase proportionally.

I was most intruiged! Coast FI is a great idea and I admire those who have faith that they will get the annual returns that they need to make this work. Obviously, higher annual returns mean that you’ll need a lower amount in your investment portfolio. The opposite is also true – if the anticipated annual returns are going to be lower, then you’ll need a higher initial amount in your investment portfolio before you can start coasting. The real trick, of course, is reliably predicting what your future returns will be in order to accurately determine your personalized Coast FI number.

Based on the Rule of 72, you can figure out when your money will double by dividing 72 by the your investment return. For example, if you earn a 9% annualized return, then your money will double every 8 years. If you earn a 10% return, then your money will double every 7.2 years. If you earn a 3% return, then your money will double every 24 years.

The other neat thing I like about this concept is that once you’ve saved your Coast FI number in your investment account, then you can stop contributing to your investments because compounding will take over and you’ll reach your financial independence number without adding another nickel!!! This is where faith comes in. There are people out there who will stop contributing to their investment portfolio once they’ve hit their Coast FI number. They will trust in the long-term returns of the stock market to deliver unto them the money that they will need in order to retire when they want.

For the record, I’m not a person who would stop making contributions without a signed guarantee from God that I’d have enough money in place to stop working. Others may feel differently. I have a feeling that I’ll keep adding to my investment portfolio forever. My reasons are as follows:

One – I actually feel better when I set aside a little bit of money. Psychologically, I know that I’m saving for a rainy day. I get great comfort knowing that there’s a little pot of money set aside in case I need it. Saving money also makes me feel responsible and in control of my destiny. It’s my way of telling myself that I’m doing the right thing with my money. I’ve been a saver since I was a little girl and I’ve lived by the spend some, save some philosophy for my entire life so I doubt that this aspect of my personality is going to change just because I’ve reached the point of Coast FI.

Two – Saving a portion of my paycheque helps me with budgeting. For the past 18 years, I’ve been using percentages to divvy up my money. Right now, 40% of my net income goes to investing. There may come a time when I drop that allocation down to 25% but that’s pretty far away. If I were to start adding more fixed expenses to my budget now, then I’d have to figure out where to cut them later just in case I wasn’t getting the annualized returns that I would need for the Coast FI method to work for me. So instead of having 15% more expenses, I simply invest that money and live on whatever’s leftover. So far, this method has worked beautifully for me.

Three – Even if I do get the returns that I need to coast to financial independence, adding extra money to my investment account would mean that I could retire from work even sooner! Pretend for a moment that relying on Coast FI means I can retire at 56. If I keep adding to my investment account in addition to relying on Coast FI then I’m creating the option to possibly retire even sooner at 52 or 53. Nothing wrong with that!

Finally, when it comes to money, I’ve always believed that it’s better to have it and not need it than to need it and not have it. In the unlikely event that I wind up with “too much money” – a concept I find as foreign as the idea of “leftover wine” – I will have done myself a huge favour by creating a financial cushion that weathered the storms of my life. Whatever money remains after I’ve departed this mortal coil will be used to better the lives of my beneficiaries. Make no mistake – I am not depriving myself during my lifetime and I’m going to continue doing the things that I want to do. The reality is that my wants are few: time with family and friends, travel to new places, money for dining out, theatre and concert tickets, renovations to my home. My income is sufficient to satisfy these desires and I see no reason to find new ways to spend my money simply because I have it. I’ve found that delicate financial balance between living for today and saving for tomorrow. Coast FI is simply another layer of icing on my already super-delicious cake!

Debt is Corrosive to the Creation of Intergenerational Wealth

Debt is a cancer to building intergenerational wealth. The phrase intergenerational wealth conjures up images of the very, very rich who are able to bestow entire empires upon their progeny. Truthfully, the concept doesn’t require anything quite that elaborate. My definition of intergenerational wealth is the ability to provide financial assistance to your offspring in order to help them get ahead as adults. It’s above and beyond that level of sustenance that is legally required of parents. Intergenerational wealth is what you use to assist your child in achieving a better life – financial or otherwise – than the one you’ve had. This type of wealth is created when you’ve acquired assets that can be utilized to fund the major purchases of your child’s life when the time comes.

A few weeks back, I read an article about how black women graduate with the highest amount of student loan debt. It got me thinking. How could these women build wealth for their families if they were saddled with big student loans which required years to repay? And what if they also had mortgages, car loans and credit card debt while carrying student loan burdens? How much money would they have to earn to both pay off all debt and save enough to invest in the family’s future? What kind of impact does debt – student loan or otherwise – have on a parent’s ability to build intergenerational wealth?

My ultimate conclusion was that all debt is an inhibitor to the creation and growth of intergenerational wealth, regardless of the demographic group to which the debtor belongs. Debt of any kind impedes the accumulation of wealth because you’re so preoccupied with paying someone else that you rarely get the opportunity to pay yourself first. Obviously, larger amounts of debt have a greater negative impact on the creation of wealth because it takes so much longer to pay it back. At the end of the day, debt is corrosive to the accumulation of wealth.

If you’re making payments on your student loan, your car loan, your credit cards, and your mortgage, then your money is not being put towards your family’s future. Whatever the size of the debt obligations, whether $500 per month or $5000 per month, the fact remains that you’ve committed to giving that amount of money to someone else in order to pay down your outstanding debt. You’ve agreed to give away the money that could have been used to build a foundation of wealth for yourself and your family.

Recently, I read an interview with a millionaire where a cycle of intergenerational wealth was put into place. The millionaire being interviewed was the daughter of parents who had worked very hard at regular jobs, while also running their own side hustles. Her parents had worked very hard to create wealth for their family. They taught their children the same principles, and the millionaire in turn taught those principles to her own two sons, the grandchildren. Over time, this family had created sufficient wealth that offspring who needed a mortgage did not have to go to the bank. Instead, mortgages were issued within the family from one generation to another. When the millionaires’s sons graduated from post-secondary schooling, each of them already had $200,000 in their investment portfolios. Their money had grown from cash gifts bestowed upon them by the grandparents. (Check out ESI Money if you want to read more millionaire interviews.)

Many parents want to pay for their children’s educations. This is a worthy goal and I have no quarrel with it. In today’s world, an education opens doors and provides opportunities that would otherwise not be available. An education is not a guarantee of success, but it is certainly an asset in the pursuit of success. Parents who save for their children’s educations are providing their children with a gift, i.e. starting their adult lives without student loans. They are gifting their children the opportunity to start with a clean slate. Once employed, their children will not be required to send a portion of their paycheques to the student loan people. Instead, if the children are wise, they will start using that portion of their money to invest for the future and to buy cash-flow positive assets…assuming, of course, that the children appreciate the opportunity provided by their parents’ gift of a debt-free post-secondary education.

The children who wisely take advantage of this opportunity are then in a position to do the same for the grandchildren, when they make their appearance. The children will have continued the tradition of ensuring that the next generation begins adulthood without debt. If the children were also fortunate enough to have invested in assets the grew over the years between their graduation and the start of the grandchildren’s post-secondary education, then those invested assets may still be available for the benefit of the grandchildren and the eventual great-grandchildren.

The cycle of passing down intergenerational wealth cannot flourish if the parents or the children are required to send part of their income to creditors, year in and year out. Creating intergenerational wealth begins with the basic principle of paying yourself first. The accumulation of wealth comes from the act of setting money aside from your paycheque and investing it for a positive return. If your money from today’s paycheque is being used to pay for yesterday’s purchases, then you’re impeding your ability to invest money for your future and for your family’s future. In other words, today’s paycheque cannot be used to pay for tomorrow’s needs and opportunities. Once you’ve given your money away to pay off debt, then your money is gone forever and you must find a way to earn more. Money spent on repaying debt can never be used to change your family’s future.

I am not an expert in parenting, but I have observed families in my life who have established a positive cycle of investing in businesses and assets while also saving money for their offspring’s future. These families are ensuring that the financial lessons are passed down so that each successive generation has the money to live a comfortable life and to both grow and preserve their wealth. One of the other things I’ve observed about these families is that they do not have debt.

I’ve watched as the parents gifted down payments for homes to the children. I’ve seen the parents assist the children to buy businesses. I’ve observed the children purchase income-producing rental property where their parents did not have intergenerational wealth to pass down. Where the parents didn’t have money, they had worked in real estate and had advice to give to their children about how to assess investment properties. The children’s rental properties will become part of the intergenerational transfer of wealth to the grandchildren. Personally, my brother and I benefitted from such intergenerational transfers of wealth by having nearly all of our post-secondary education funded by our parents.

Please don’t get me wrong. Receiving a down payment didn’t eliminate the children’s obligation to pay the mortgage. However, the gift of a down payment meant that the children were able to start building equity in their homes sooner than their contemporaries who had to save up a down payment.

Even where the parents assisted a child to buy a business, there was still the need for a commercial business loan from the bank which had to be repaid. The parents’ transfer of wealth assisted the child to take advantage of the opportunity to buy a business that he understood intimately at a time in the child’s life when he did not have the money to buy the business himself. In that situation, the child received another form of intergenerational wealth – his parents worked at his business for free for the first couple of years until he got himself established enough to hire his own staff.

The children whose parents did not provide them with intergenerational transfers of wealth still took it upon themselves to start creating a strong financial foundation for their own future children. They purchased property, lived in it, and then rented it when they moved to the next home. Did they have to use mortgage debt? Yes, of course. Are they using the underlying asset to create positive cashflows in their lives? Yes, they are. The tenants pay the mortgage debt, and the cash flow from the properties is directed towards improving the families’ financial future.

I have also observed other families who seemed destined to live paycheque to paycheque. From what I can see, they make decisions with their money which will always require them to remain in debt servitude. From the outside, it looks like they actually love being in debt to someone. When a car breaks down, a brand-new car with a $700 per month payment is immediately purchased. There is no consideration given to the option of buying an adequate used car that fulfills the same purpose of safely going from point A to point B. Student loan debts are not aggressively paid down as soon as possible due to other priorities. Such loans last for ten or more years after the former student has graduated when sustained monetary effort could have eradicated the debt in three years or less. Mortgages are taken out when there is insufficient household income to handle the monthly payment, the utilities, the taxes and the other associated costs of running a home. Unfortunately, the mortgage-holders do not earn high incomes so they’ve essentially made themselves house-poor. They will be forced to live paycheque-to-paycheque until the mortgage debt is gone or until the bank forecloses on them for non-payment.

These families have purposely created situations for themselves where they are unable to create any wealth to pass on to the next generation. In fact, they cannot even create wealth for their own retirements. They purposely seek debt-burdens rather than debt-freedom, and I haven’t been able to figure out why. At the same time, these families want to live a life that they could actually afford if they didn’t have debt payments. They want the toys and the travel and the comforts that come with debt-free living yet they are not willing to do what needs to be done to rid themselves of debt.

Perhaps the distinction between the two families comes from the debt-free choosing a long-term view while the indebted choose a short-term view? I will continue to think about why some people get it and some people don’t, how some families are able to create a comfortable legacy while others are not. In the end, I guess the reason for the distinction doesn’t matter too, too much. The bottom line is that debt always inhibits the creation and the accumulation of intergenerational wealth. Debt prevents people from saving for their families’ future since it requires people to pay for their past purchases.

Just imagine what you could do for your family if you didn’t have to repay debt. How different would your life be? Is there something that you would be able to give to your children and your grandchildren that you can’t give them right now? How much could you change your family’s future if debt were not a part of your life?

Cash Flow Diagrams & Passive Income

I’m a visual leaner so when information can be presented in a picture, then I absorb it a lot faster. That’s why I was so damned impressed when I came across the following link on one of my travels through the Internet: Cash Flow Diagrams. In all honesty, this is one of the best links I have ever found! In a few simple diagrams, Jacob Lund Fisker of Early Retirement Extreme succinctly illuminates the basic underlying principles behind the following concepts:

– paying yourself first;
– acquiring assets;
– creating passive income; and
– benefiting from compound interest.

Much ink has been spilled and many trees felled to write numerous books to explain these four foundational concepts. Mr. Fisker has accomplished the same goal with a few hand-drawn diagrams that are not overly complicated nor difficult to grasp. Please, please, please take the time to read Cash Flow Diagrams and figure out if your current cash flow is helping you to get to where you want to be or whether it’s holding you back from achieving your personal dreams.

The first diagram is a representation of the cash flow in the lives of those of you who live from paycheque to paycheque without going into debt. You are working hard for your money. When you get your money, you pay for your life and you have no money left over. You have to go back to work to make more money. This is called living at your means. In other words, your means are equal to your money and you spend all of your money between each paycheque. There is no room for investing because you spend every cent you make. This is not a good way to live! There is no breathing room – there is no cushion – there is nothing set aside for the day when you can no longer work. If you’re in this situation, I implore you to find a way to get out of it. Get a part-time job and use the money from that part-time job – or side hustle as it is now called – to get yourself into the position of being able to buy assets as displayed in diagram 3.

The second of Mr. Fisker’s diagrams applies to those of you who live from paycheque to paycheque and go into debt. You’re in an even worse situation than the people in the first diagram because you’re using credit to fund your life. Using credit means that you are going into debt. This is a very bad cash flow situation because it means that your money is not enough to pay for your life so you’re relying on credit to make ends meet. You are living above your means, and this is a very bad state of affairs. The reason why it is so undesirable is that you’re paying interest on the credit that you’ve borrowed. If your paycheque is not enough money to pay for your life already, then it’s an absolute certainty that your money is not enough to cover both your life and the interest owing on your debt. (Again, as soon as you use credit it become a debt!) If you’re in this situation, I would suggest that you do whatever you can to get out of it sooner rather than later. Compounding interest is working against you and keeping you from achieving what you really want from life!

If you have disposable income after buying whatever stuff you need to keep body and soul together, also known as: the necessities, then your cash flow is reflected in the third diagram. Disposable income is just a fancy way of saying leftover money. If you, my friend, are fortunate enough to have leftover money, then you are in the enviable position of being able to acquire some assets.

What’s an asset? An asset is anything that puts money in your pocket by producing an income payable to you. If you are living below your means, then you have leftover money for investing. And when that leftover money is put to good use through purchasing assets, you are well on your way to creating a stream of passive income. This is a very good thing! Ideally, everyone can get themselves to this point, namely having some amount of passive income even though, at first, that passive income isn’t enough to fund your entire life. Passive income will grow if it is diligently reinvested and left to compound over time. You still have to work, but that’s okay because working means that you’re generating more money to buy more assets that will increase your passive income. Eventually, your passive income will exceed the size of your paycheque. The faster you acquire income-producing assets, the faster your passive income will increase.

Once you make it to the fourth diagram, you’re laughing. At this point, the reality of your cash flow is that your assets are throwing off enough passive income to pay for your stuff. In other words, you are not required to work. You don’t have to quit your job if you don’t want to – it’s just that working for a salary is now completely optional. This is a wonderful achievement! You can do what you want with your time because your passive income has replaced your wage as the source of money to fund your life. If you’ve reached this stage, then my hat is off to you – congratulations!

The fifth diagram represents retirement. As in the fourth diagram, the cash flow from your assets is sufficient to fund your life and you’ve simply chosen not to work for wages anymore. At this stage, your passive income has replaced your paycheque. Hooray!

When I found this article online, I was already living the life depicted in the third diagram. Thankfully, I had no debt and my take-home pay was enough to pay for my living expenses – there was money leftover every payday. My student loans were gone. My mortgage was paid off. I no longer had a car loan. At that point in my life, I knew that I had to absolutely, positively invest my money after maxing out my registered retirement savings plan (RRSP) and my tax free savings account (TFSA), but I didn’t know where or how or what to do. I didn’t trust financial advisors, so I decided to buy units in dividend-paying mutual funds. (At the time, I didn’t know that mutual funds were vastly more expensive than index funds or exchange-traded funds [ETFs] – now that I know better, I do better!)

I set up an automatic bi-weekly transfer of money from my chequing account to my investment account so that I could invest monthly and take advantage of the benefits of dollar-cost averaging. Automating my savings meant that I didn’t have to decide whether to set aside my leftover money. Relying on automation to fund my investment account was an exceptionally smart move on my part because I’m sure that I would’ve been tempted to buy something other than investments if I had to think about saving vs. spending every time I got paid.

Did I pick the perfect investment? I doubt it. I’m not that lucky nor am I that smart. Also, my accumulating years have taught me that there is no one perfect investment. I invested in a product that I understood – dividend funds – and set up a dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP) so that my dividend payments were automatically reinvested. I had no idea whether this plan would work perfectly. All I knew at the time was that dividends were a form of passive income. I knew I didn’t have the skills or inclination to read company reports and to follow the stock market. I knew that I wanted an investment portfolio that would supplement my other retirement income when I decided to leave work. Dividend mutual funds – and, later, dividend ETFs – satisfied my list of what I wanted for my portfolio so I picked one and started investing.

Dividend payments are my preferred form of passive income so I invest my money in dividend-producing assets. As a Singleton, I don’t have the benefits that come with having another person’s income contributing to my household. Having a reliable stream of dividend income soothes some of the risk of living in a single-income household. My goal is for my passive income to cover my monthly necessities. Once I’ve met that goal, then I’ll know that I can survive on my own even if my salary goes away.

As a result of my choices to automate my money and to invest it regularly, I’m now in the position of comfortably earning four figures of dividend income every month. My passive income stream is not yet enough for me to live on, so I still have several years of working in my future. However, my passive income is compounding every single month as it’s added to the new investment purchases that I make with the money that is automatically transferred to my investment account when I get paid. I’m comfortably investing the equivalent of one paycheque every month. I like to think of my dividend income as my side hustle income, even though I don’t have to do anything other than breathe to earn the dividends.

Where are you now? And where do you want to be in five, ten, twenty years? How much passive income do you want in order to live the life of your dreams? What steps are you taking to put yourself in the cash flow position that you want for your future?

Building an Army of Little Money Soldiers

One of my life’s goals is to build a nice, solid flow of passive income without getting a second job. The way I decided to do this was by building an investment portfolio using a dividend-paying exchange traded fund (ETF). I think of the individual units in my ETF as Little Money Soldiers whose sole purpose is to acquire more and more dividends for me every month. The dividend income that I earn can be used any way I want, and right now I want it to fund my dream of financial independence. Every single month, I add to my army of Little Money Soldiers by buying more units in my ETF and I send them out into the world to do their thing – they do it well. I don’t have to do anything beyond sticking to the plan of contributing to my portfolio regularly and watching my dividends grow. My Little Money Soldiers do the rest.

As a Singleton, my paycheque is the primary source of income in my household. Years ago, I’d heard about how smart couples of means would live on one income and bank the other. Ideally, the really well-off couples would bank the higher income and live off the smaller one. I envied such couples! The reality was that I was not in a position to live on 50% of my take-home pay. I wasn’t willing to live that close to the bone because I wanted to be able to socialize with my friends each month and do some travelling. When I learned about dividend income and started doing some blue-sky dreaming about how dividends could be used to supplement my income, I couldn’t buy them fast enough!

Dividends are a second income in my otherwise single-income household. Unlike married people in a single-income household, I don’t have a partner who can go out and earn some money if my main income source dries up. My monthly dividend income is financially akin to having a partner with a part-time job. If I were to lose my paycheque, my dividends could help me survive from one month to the next. Obviously, I would lose the benefit of the dividend re-investment plan (DRIP) because I would need the dividends to pay for my absolute necessities while I looked for employment. As a single person, the dividend income created by my Little Money Soldiers provides a certain level of psychological comfort because I know that, should I lose my current job, I will continue to have income until I find new employment and start getting a paycheque again.

Right now, my investment portfolio produces a part-time income. If I continue to invest on a regular basis and if I refrain from spending my dividends rather than re-investing them, then my investment portfolio will eventually produce a second full-time income for my household. I will have the financial benefits of an imaginary spouse/partner without the real-life drawbacks that come with sharing money with a sentient human. And unlike other side hustles that are regularly touted on the Internet, my army of Little Money Soldiers goes out to work on my behalf thereby allowing me to indulge my inclination towards laziness. I don’t have to do anything outside of my comfortable routine in order to earn this money. It’s all mine – it’s tax-advantaged – it’s automatic – it’s wonderful!

For the past 7 years, I have consistently been investing in dividend-producing assets. I’ve reached a point where I consistently receive a 4-figure dividend payment every month. And since I don’t spend the money, it is automatically re-invested on my behalf. (Check out this awesome article for a primer on how DRIPs are the next best thing since sliced bread: My dividend employee Steve.)

I was very lucky that my parents were interested in the stock market. Both of them invested on a regular basis so I knew that there was a way to make money without actually having to go to work. Of course, my six-year old brain didn’t quite grasp all the intricacies of what each call from my mother’s broker meant but he phoned on a regular basis. (As an adult, I’m quite convinced that he merely churned her account to generate fees instead of acting in her best interests to make money. Nowadays, my mother invests on her own through her self-directed brokerage account and she’s doing quite well!)

My father’s style of investing was much different. He introduced me to the concept of dividends, and bought me several shares in companies that are still around today. When I was in my early 20s, I opened my own self-directed brokerage account and used my initial principal to buy shares in the various Big Banks. Again, betraying my youth and lack of knowledge, my only criteria for which bank stocks to buy was whether the bank participated in a DRIP. If the answer was yes, I bought $1,000 worth of stock in the bank. To this day, those banks still pay me dividends every quarter. I freely admit that this wasn’t the smartest way to pick my investments, but I could’ve done a whole lot worse! Every one of those banks is still around and the stock price has grown over time. Buying those bank stocks was one of the best financial decisions that I’ve ever made, even if the reason underlying the decision was not well-founded.

As we all know, time waits for no one. I learned more and more about investing by reading books, internet articles & personal finance blogs. They were all consistent that the way to earn outsized returns was to be invested in the stock market. I had little interest in becoming a expert in the stock market but I appreciated that the best historical returns went to those who had equity investments. Buying stocks in companies that paid dividends meant I was investing in equity. Dividend payments were a passive way for me to earn money and to participate in the stock market – to me, it was the best of both worlds! I started contributing more regularly to mutual funds which paid me dividends, then I learned about ETFs and index funds and a light went off in my brain. Why should I willingly pay higher management expense ratios (MER) for my mutual funds when I could buy the same basket of assets through an ETF or an index fund for a fraction of the price?

So, after paying off my mortgage at 34 and becoming debt-free, I turned my focus to building my non-registered investment portfolio. I promptly found an index fund that paid out dividends every single month so it was time to say bye-bye to my mutual funds. I was still investing in dividend-paying assets but I would be paying a lower MER to do so. My new index fund would simply pull the money from my chequing account and the investment would be made. Making the switch was a no-brainer! I set up an automatic contribution from my paycheque to my index fund. My first index fund offered a DRIP feature and I was not responsible for re-investing those dividends into new units of the index fund every month. The dividends were DRIP-ped, i.e. automatically re-invested into more units of my index fund, rather than paid out to me in cash. It was fantastic!

Two years ago, Vanguard came to Canada and I started doing some investigating. Vanguard has very low MERs on their products. One of those products was an ETF that paid out dividends every single month, offered a DRIP feature, and had an MER that was much lower than the one on my index fund. This was a hat trick! I could get all the benefits of my previous index fund portfolio while saving money on the MER and accruing even more units of the ETF every single month. Sadly, Vanguard will not simply withdraw the money from my chequing account – I have to transfer money to my brokerage account. Big deal! For $9.95 a month, I’m paying a much lower MER and earning sufficient dividends which more than cover the cost of the monthly purchase. I spent 15 minutes opening my online account. Then I spent another 3 minutes setting up an automatic bi-weekly transfer from my paycheque to my brokerage account to fund each month’s purchase. I haven’t looked back. Every month, I buy more units in my Vanguard ETF after the last month’s dividend payment has been automatically re-invested.

Earning money through dividends is awesome. I don’t have to do anything other than purchase the underlying asset and the dividends flow to me every month like clockwork. In the words of my very wise hairdresser, it’s money that I don’t have to sweat for. What could be better than that?

Priorities

Based on my own experience and decades of observation, I am convinced without a shadow of a doubt that priorities guide how we spend money. To paraphrase Paula Pant at www.affordanything.com, every spending decision you make is based on priorities because choosing to spend on one thing means that you’re not spending on something else. I think a lot of personal finance problems could be solved if people created their own priorities, but they don’t. Many people allow others to set their priorities for them, whether through marketing or peer pressure or societal expectations. People adopt the priorities of others and spend their money accordingly. Sometimes, this method works for them and sometimes it doesn’t.

Ideally, you create your own set of priorities and you’re in a position to pursue them with the support of your friends and family. I haven’t always been so lucky.

After I finished university and started my first professional job, my closest friends would give me a hard time about how I chose to spend my money. In short, they didn’t like the fact that I didn’t spend money on things that didn’t matter to me. They felt entitled to tell me that I “could afford it” – whatever “it” happened to be at the time. I heard their message loud and clear: my spending choices weren’t the “right” ones in their eyes. At the time, I had student loan debt. I had car debt. I owed money on my mortgage. I chose to allot my paycheque to various spending categories and I was very rigorous about paying down my debt while starting to save for my retirement. These were my priorities, and my closest friends at the time didn’t share or respect them.

Only one friend understood my priorities and supported me wholeheartedly. The vast majority of my closest friends did not. They were definitely more spend-y than I was but I couldn’t let their spending choices derail mine. What was my solution? Well, I didn’t get rid of those friends and I still spend time with them today. Over time, I simply stopped talking to them about my priorities and my money. In essence, I cut them out of the financial part of my life because I didn’t trust them to respect my personal goals and dreams. My goals were to establish a habit of saving for retirement, to pay off my student loans, to pay off my car loan, and to pay off my mortgage as fast as humanly possible. I only had so much money to work with and I wasn’t going to let their opinion that I “could afford it” derail me from focusing on my priorities. I was the only person who knew what my goals were and how I wanted to spend my money to achieve them.

Over the years, I read personal finance books and discovered the world of personal financial bloggers. It was in the books and the blogs that I found a niche where my priorities were the norm, where my goals were supported, and where strategies to achieve my hopes and dreams were shared by people who had already achieved similar hopes and dreams. As a result of what I learned from the books and the blogs, I was completely debt-free by age 34 and had achieved a solid six-figure net worth. By the time I was 40, I’d entered the double-comma club.

I also strengthened my relationship with that one friend who’d totally understood my desire to get out of debt and to pay cash for everything. We talked about money and shared what we learned. I remember when she confided to me that she and her husband would put off any and all purchases to the last possible moment in order to focus on paying off their mortgage. I was as excited as she was when they hit that milestone, just as she had been thrilled for me when I became debt-free at age 34.

It took me many years to craft a money system that funds my priorities with minimal decision-making on my part. Right now, I use automatic transfers to ensure that a portion of each paycheque is allocated towards each of my priorities.

– Retirement accounts? Check.

– Investment portfolio? Check.

– Emergency fund? Check.

– Utilities, property taxes, insurance premiums? Check

– Charitable donations? Check.

– Day to day spending? Check.

– Saving for next vehicle? Check.

– Saving for travel? Check.

– Saving for home renovations? Check.

These are the priorities that I have defined for myself and I have honed them over the years. I’ve learned to put very little weight on the priorities that others try to set for me. Their priorities won’t make me happy, but they will drain my wallet and get me into debt. I don’t want that for myself so I stick to what I know will get me closer to the life I want to live.

Over the years, there have been many times when I’ve had to re-order my priorities to ensure that I was doing what I really and truly wanted. Even today, I’m debating with myself about whether travel is more important than home maintenance.

I love travel, but I also need to renovate my basement bathroom and laundry room. These rooms aren’t in complete disrepair, but they will be if I don’t do something in the next 3 years. However, I realize that if I want to see, taste, touch as much of the world as possible then I have to get out there and do it. These priorities are both important to me right now and I see them in my mind’s eye as the two ends of a pendulum. I’ve been trying to figure out how to pay for both in 2019 and it’s just not going to happen unless I win the lottery or discover that a wildly-benevolent stranger has left me a sizeable bequest. I have to pick one priority over the other. In other words, one of the two is going to take a higher priority for me in 2019. I will still accomplish both goals, just not at the same time. I only have so much money and I refuse to go into debt, so something has to wait until I have the cash on hand to make the purchase. Right now, the pendulum is swinging towards the home renovation…but there’s a very good chance that it could swing back towards travel. All I am certain of right now is that one of my two priorities will be satisfied with the cash that I save up in the next year or so.

I’m not perfect, but I am definitely older and wiser now. I have to bite my tongue until it bleeds when I see others making what I view as “bad decisions” with their money. I remind myself that they’re spending their money in line with their personal priorities and that they’re under absolutely no obligation to have the same priorities that I do. Until they ask me what I think of their choices, I keep my opinions to myself. I do not want to do to my friends what was done to me because I didn’t like the feeling of knowing that I didn’t have their support. I don’t have to agree with my friends’ priorities and spending choices, but I do have to respect them.

The world isn’t ideal and you can’t always count on others to support your hopes and dreams. All you can do is figure out what you really want and go get it.